Lipid oxidation in meats is a process whereby polyunsaturated fatty acid react with reactive oxygen species leading to a series of secondary reactions which in turn lead to degradation of lipids and development of oxidative rancidity. This process is one of the major factors responsible for the gradual reduction of sensory and nutritional quality of meats, thus affecting consumer acceptance. Therefore, the control and minimization of lipid oxidation in meat and meat products is of great interest to the food industry. On view of this, some technologies have been developed, such as vacuum packaging, modified atmosphere, and use of antioxidants. The aim is understanding the lipid oxidation mechanisms responsible for sensory and nutritional quality reduction in meat and meat products and identify the most effective methods to control this process. Lipid oxidation in meat can be controlled using different strategies, such as animal dietary supplements, addition of antioxidants, processing, and the use of special packaging. Better results can be obtained by using synergistic strategies and focusing attention on food safety and to prevent negative effects to other sensory properties.Practical Application: Lipid oxidation is an important issue in many food studies, and we discuss some aspects that influence the lipid oxidation of meat.

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RESUMONeste trabalho, objetivou-se estudar a influência de quatro temperaturas de ar de secagem (40, 50, 60 e 70 ºC), em camada fina, e duas velocidades do ar (0,9 e 1,9 m/s) sobre o teor de linalol do manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L). Utilizou-se um secador de bandejas especialmente desenvolvido, no laboratório de Secagem da UESB, Campus de Itapetinga-BA. Foram feitas quatro repetições, com 100 g de folhas frescas em cada uma das cinco bandejas da câmara de secagem. Na extração do óleo essencial, utilizou-se um sistema de destilação por arraste a vapor e a análise do óleo essencial foi realizada em um cromatógrafo conectado a um e espectrômetro de massa (CG-MS). Os maiores rendimentos de óleos essenciais de manjericão foram obtidos no processo de secagem com temperatura do ar igual a 40 ºC e 1,9 m/s de velocidade do ar. Os maiores rendimentos de linalol foram obtidos com temperatura do ar de secagem na faixa de 50 a 60 ºC e 1,9 m/s de velocidade do ar (2,23 e 2,47 ppm, respectivamente). Por análise de regressão, estimou-se que a temperatura de 54,4 ºC e a velocidade de 1,9 m/s forneceriam o maior rendimento de linalol. Concluiu-se que a composição química do óleo essencial do manjericão é afetada tanto pela temperatura como pela velocidade do ar de secagem.Termos para indexação: Secagem, plantas medicinais, rendimento de óleo. ABSTRACTThis work aimed to study the influence of four thin layer drying temperatures (40, 50, 60 and 70 ºC) and two air velocities (0.9 and 1.9 m/s) in the content of linalol of the Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). It was used a tray dryer specially built for this experiment in the drying laboratory of the UESB at the Campus de Itapetinga-Ba . There were made four repetitions with 100 g of fresh leaves in each one of the five trays in the dry chamber In the extraction of the essential oil, a vapor hauling system was used and the oil analysis was made in a gas chromatographer that was connected to a mass spectrometer (CG-MS). The greatest extracted profits of basil s essential oil were obtained in the drying process with 40 ºC of air temperature and 1.9 m/s of air velocity. The greatest profit of linalol was obtained with the air drying temperature in the range of 50-60 ºC and 1.9 m/s of air velocity (2.23 and 2.47 ppm, respectively). It was estimated, by regression analysis, that the air drying temperature of 54.4 ºC and the air flow of 1.9 m/s would provide the greatest profit of linalol. It was concluded that the chemical composition of the basil was affected by both drying air temperature and velocity.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of aqueous extraction to obtain bioactive phytochemicals from grains and residual husk of organic Arabic coffee, as well as to develop a beverage with high antioxidant capacity and assess its sensorial acceptability. Aqueous extracts were obtained from dried and crushed coffee beans and husk. Various extraction methods were used to select the one capable of extracting the most amount of total phenolic constituents. The decoction without mechanical agitation was highlighted as the best method, from which the chemical characterization, antioxidant capacity and the presence of antinutrients were investigated. Three beverage formulations were prepared with coffee husk extract and added in different proportions to concentrated pineapple juice. The beverages were analyzed for antioxidant capacity, microbiological properties and sensorial acceptance. No hemagglutinins and low oxalate content were found in the samples. The antioxidant capacity of the aqueous husk extract was higher than that of the grains. The beverage made with the addition of concentrated pineapple juice was sensorially preferred by the tasters. On addition, it contributed to raise the antioxidant capacity of the beverage. Ot was concluded that the aqueous extract of coffee husk appears as a new alternative for the beverage industry.