There have been two key initiatives taken in the last two decades in Brazil to create a counter-hegemonic project for the country. One initiative resulted from Brazil's business community and high-level State bureaucracy and aimed at forming a regional economic and political bloc that would guarantee and enlarge a relative independence from the hegemonic powers. The other resulted from the emergence of the new unionist movement in São Paulo and from the formation of Partido dos Trabalhadores and aimed at promoting radical democratization and reducing social exclusion. Both initiatives have created policies and changes that have converged to enhance Brazil's counter-hegemonic position as a regional and emerging power.
Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto e distribuído sob os termos da Licença de Atribuição Creative Commons, que permite uso irrestrito, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, desde que o autor e a fonte originais sejam creditados. AbstractBrazil has claimed the status of a key player within the international arena for the past decade, particularly during the two administrations of Lula da Silva (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010). The Brazilian foreign policy team acted in relation to issues such as the Palestinian-Israeli Affairs and the Iranian Nuclear Program imbroglio with the international community presenting the country as a potential negotiator in matters of high politics. Yet, despite the success of the Tehran Declaration, Brazil faced some limitations due to the reactions of countries such as the United States, which displayed discontent towards Brazil's engagement in areas normally assigned to them. Making use of official documentation, speeches from authorities, and press articles we concluded that despite Brazil's status as a global power, it has not been able to face the great players such as the US in the world high politics.
This article addresses the technological imperative within recent modernization programs of Brazil's Armed Forces. This technological imperative implies the conduction of military equipment modernization programs to include the criteria of technology transfer, knowledge transfer and production integration within the country's defense industry. These serve to glimpse whether these projects have the capacity to favor both greater (i) autonomy and less dependence regarding import needs in arms and equipment, as well as to (ii) consider new alternatives for the country's scientific and technological development that aid in the rescue of the national defense industry.
IntroduçãoA literatura a respeito da política externa brasileira apresenta um debate em torno da questão da mudança e continuidade entre a política externa de dois de seus ex-presidentes, Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC) e Lula da Silva. Embora esse debate seja dificultado pelo caráter subjetivo que esses dois termos -mudança e continuidade -assumem, nos diversos trabalhos que abordam o tema, acreditamos que seja possível coadunar esses argumentos ora distintos, ora semelhantes em um caminho de entendimento sobre a adaptação da política externa brasileira às novas exigências do sistema internacional.Analisar as relações do Brasil com o Oriente Médio 1 permite entender as diferenças empreendidas por essas duas gestões à frente de Brasília, no que concernem as relações com essa região. Além disso, acreditamos que examinar a recente política externa brasileira seja fundamental para a compreensão dos rumos que o país está tomando, na medida em que observar sua conduta para com esses atores, de relevância geoestratégica global, nos autoriza a pensar nas suas linhas e determinantes gerais.Esse trabalho questiona se houve diferenças na diplomacia brasileira com relações aos países do Oriente Médio entre as duas gestões presidências e nutre a hipótese de que fatores conjunturais e sistêmicos e as escolhas tomadas pelas duas gestões levaram a determinação de espaços diferentes para a região na política externa do país, impelindo Lula da Silva a abrir uma nova frente diplomática com essas nações. Nosso objetivo é identificar traços de mudança ou continuidade entre os dois presidentes, analisando quantitativamente os acordos bilaterais
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