Knowing determinant factors of erosive process is essential to adopt soil conservationist and loss-mitigation measures. Therefore, the objective of this work was to assess the correlation between rainfall characteristics and sediment transport in the Semiarid region of Brazil. The study was conducted at the Iguatu Experimental Basin in the state of Ceará, Brazil, in a watershed with area of 1.15 ha. The vegetation was thinned by removal of plants with diameters below 10 cm, and the area remained with an arboreous cover of 60%. The following variables were evaluated from 2012 to 2016: rainfall depth (mm), rainfall duration (hours), maximum rainfall intensity in 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, and 60 minutes (mm h-1), mean rainfall intensity (mm h-1), rainfall depth in the previous 5 days (mm), runoff depth (mm), and transported sediment (kg ha-1). The records showed 158 rainfall events, 27 with surface runoff and 24 with sediment transport. The correlations were investigated by multivariate analysis of principal components (PC). The model explained 84% of total variance with four PC-PC1, PC2, PC3, and PC4 were formed, respectively, for disaggregating power of rainfall on soil particles, represented by the rainfall intensities; soil water content; runoff depth and sediment transport; and rainfall duration and interval between rainfalls. The highest factorial weight was found for the maximum intensity in 20 minutes, indicating the need for further hydrological studies focused on this variable at basin scale in areas of the Semiarid region of Brazil subjected to thinning of the vegetation.
Dados e informações básicas sobre os processos relacionados com a produção de sedimentos e as influências do manejo da vegetação são escassos em regiões semiáridas. Neste sentido, este trabalho objetivou analisar as relações das características das chuvas (altura, intensidade e erosividade) na geração de escoamento e nas produções de sedimentos em dois diferentes manejos da vegetação em pequenas microbacias no semiárido. A primeira microbacia apresenta vegetação conservada há mais de 40 anos, a segunda passou pelo raleamento das árvores com diâmetro maior que 10 cm. Foram monitorados eventos pluviométricos, escoamento superficial e produção de sedimentos do ano de 2010 a 2015. Para monitorar os eventos de precipitação utilizou-se de pluviômetros do tipo Ville de Paris e pluviógrafos. Para o escoamento superficial, foram instaladas calhas Parshall. No trecho, também foram instalados fossos e torres para coleta de sedimentos em arraste e suspensão, respectivamente. Ao todo foram registrados 200 eventos pluviométricos, sendo que apenas 23 e 18 eventos produziram sedimentos nas frações de arraste e suspensão nas microbacias caatinga nativa e caatinga raleada, respectivamente. O manejo do raleamento proporcionou uma redução de 53,46% na produção de sedimentos, mostrando que este manejo protege o solo do impacto das gotas de chuva.
Anthropogenic effects on the natural environment and on soil moisture in the tropical semi-arid region have not yet been determined. As such, the temporal variability of soil moisture was investigated in two toposquences under different types of plant cover: i) Caatinga under regeneration since 1978 (CReg); ii) Caatinga thinned by 40% (CThn). The research was carried out in two catchment located in the northeast of Brazil, with an area of 2.06 and 1.15 ha for CReg and CThn respectively. Soil moisture was determined using the gravimetric method. Three random soil samples were collected daily from the upper, middle and lower section of each catchment, giving a total of nine daily collections and 1620 collection in the period. CThn displayed higher values and a longer period for soil moisture. The lower section of the catchment showed values for soil moisture that were higher and statistically different (p < 0.05) from the other sections. The increasing value for the correlation between moisture and the seven days of antecedent rainfall indicates a low rate of decrease for soil moisture.
PRESSÕES DE SERVIÇOS E SEUS EFEITOS NO DESEMPENHO DE UM SISTEMA DE IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO TAIANE DE ALMEIDA PEREIRA1; ALEXANDRE REUBER ALMEIDA DA SILVA2; MARCOS MAKEISON MOREIRA DE SOUSA3; CRISTIAN DE FRANÇA SANTOS1 E DANIEL LIMA DOS SANTOS1 1Graduandos em Tecnologia em Irrigação e Drenagem, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará – campus Iguatu, Rodovia Iguatu/Várzea Alegre, Km 05 – Vila Cajazeiras – Iguatu-CE. CEP: 63.503-790; taianeirrigacao@gmail; dlsdaniel1035@gmail.com; fazenda.terraprometida@hotmail.com; 2Professores do Curso de Tecnologia em Irrigação e Drenagem, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará – campus Iguatu, Rodovia Iguatu/Várzea Alegre, Km 05 – Vila Cajazeiras – Iguatu-CE. CEP: 63.503-790, alexandre.reuber@ifce.edu.br; 3Mestrando em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará – campus do Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias – CCA/UFC, Bloco 804, Fortaleza CE, CEP: 60.455-760; makeison.moreira14@gmail.com. 1 RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a uniformidade de distribuição de em um sistema de irrigação localizada, do tipo gotejamento operando em condições de campo sob diferentes pressões de serviços, por meio da determinação dos Coeficiente de Uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC), do Coeficiente de Uniformidade de Distribuição (CUD) e do Coeficiente de Uniformidade Estatística (Us). Em campo, foram utilizadas 4 linhas laterais escolhidas ao acaso e com o auxílio de proveta e cronômetro, foram aferidos os volumes de água em 4 gotejadores de parede delgada, em três repetição em um tempo de 60 segundos, observando as 3 diferentes pressões de serviço (5,1; 10,2 e 15,3 mca). A média dos valores encontrados para o Coeficiente de Uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC), Coeficiente de Uniformidade de Distribuição (CUD) e o Coeficiente de Uniformidade Estatística (Us) são considerados pela literatura especializada como excelentes. Todavia, na pressão de serviço de 5,1 mca, a uniformidade de distribuição de água tende a ser comprometida. Infere-se, portanto, que o sistema de irrigação está bem dimensionado evitando assim danos financeiros, independente das pressões de serviços nas quais o mesmo esteja operando. Palavras-Chave: uniformidade, microirrigação, alturas manométricas. PEREIRA, T. DE A.; SILVA, A. R. A. DA; SOUSA, M. M. M. DE; SANTOS, C. DE F.; SANTOS, D. L. DOS SERVICE PRESSURES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM 2 ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to analyze the distribution uniformity of a drip irrigation system located in field conditions under different service pressures, through the determination of the Coefficient of Uniformity of Christiansen (CUC), Coefficient of Distribution Uniformity (CUD) and Statistical Uniformity Coefficient (Us). In the field, 4 randomly selected lateral lines were used and with the aid of a beaker and stop watch, the water volumes were measured in 4 thin-walled drippers in three repetitions in a time of 60 seconds, observing the 3 different service pressures (5.1, 10.2 and 15.3 microns). The mean values found for the Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient (CUC), Uniform Distribution Coefficient (CUD) and the Statistical Uniformity Coefficient (Us) are considered by the specialized literature to be excellent. However, in the service pressure of 5.1 mca, the uniformity of water distribution tends to be compromised. It is inferred, therefore, that the irrigation system is well-sized working, thus avoiding financial damages, regardless of the pressures of services in which it is operating. Keywords: uniformity, micro-irrigation, manometric heights.
RESUMO:A salinidade é um dos fatores crescentes em todo o mundo, principalmente em regiões semiáridas, decorrente das condições climáticas e da agricultura irrigada. Assim, objetivou-se analisar a condutividade elétrica da água e de três áreas de solos: caatinga nativa, EVALUATION OF THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF WATER AND SOILS IN THE TRUSSES RIVER BASINABSTRACT: Salinity is one of the growing factors worldwide, especially in semi-arid regions, due to climatic conditions and irrigated agriculture. Thus, the objective was to analyze the electrical conductivity of water and three soils areas: native caatinga, irrigated pasture by spraying and guava irrigated by micro sprinkler. The study was developed in the perennial
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