Bacias hidrográficas montanhosas são mais propensas aos perigos naturais, devido à ocorrência de eventos hidrológicos de alta intensidade e às características geomorfológicas destes locais, como o relevo declivoso e a presença de leques aluviais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a inundação em bacias hidrográficas montanhosas no sul do Brasil, por meio de monitoramento e modelagem com HEC-HMS e HEC-RAS 2D, visando o mapeamento de perigo de inundação. Realizou-se um levantamento dos registros históricos de inundação, ocorridos em 2007 nas regiões de leque aluvial dos rios Molha Coco e Malacara. O HEC-HMS foi calibrado e validado com dados monitorados de vazão. Os hidrogramas com as vazões máximas simuladas pelo HEC-HMS foram propagados no modelo HEC-RAS 2D. Com essas vazões foram gerados mapas de profundidades, velocidades e índice de perigo de inundação para os períodos de retorno de 5, 100 e 200 anos. Os mapas de perigo mostraram que, o maior valor do índice de perigo de inundação foi encontrado dentro da calha dos rios e nos locais de avulsão. Nesses locais, existem pousadas, restaurantes e residências, que podem sofrer danos estruturais e expor as pessoas ao perigo de um evento de inundação de magnitude elevada.Palavras-chave: Rio Montanhoso. Mapeamento de perigo.HEC-RAS 2D.Monitoramento. Flood analysis in mountain basins in southern Brazil through monitoring and modelingA B S T R A C TMountain basins are more prone to natural hazards, due to occurrence of highly-intensive hydrological events, and local geomorphic characteristics, such as steep hillslopes and the alluvial fans. The present study aimed to assess the flood hazard degree in mountain basins in southern Brazil, through monitoring and modeling with HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS 2D. A survey of the historical flood records, which took place in 2007 in the alluvial fan regions of the Molha Coco and Malacara rivers, was carried out. The HEC-HMS was calibrated and validated with monitored flow data. The hydrographs with the maximum flow rates simulated by the HEC-HMS were propagated in the HEC-RAS 2D model. With these flows, maps of depth, velocity and flood hazard index were generated for the return periods of 5, 100 and 200 years. Potential hazard maps show that the highest value of the flood hazard index was found within river channels and at avulsion sites. In these places, there are inns, restaurants and residences, which can generate damage and expose people to the flood hazard with high magnitude.Keywords: Mountain river. Hazard mapping. HEC-RAS 2D. Monitoring.
O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a velocidade de dois rios, Malacara e Molha Coco, de bacias montanhosas no sul do Brasil. As velocidades foram avaliadas com três métodos: (a) medição direta da velocidade em campo; (b) equações de Manning e de Jarret, usando dados geomorfológicos medidos em campo; (c) simulação com HEC-RAS 2D. Para verificar a coerência das velocidades calculadas e simuladas com os coeficientes de Manning (n) de 0,03, 0,05 e 0,07, comparou-se com as velocidades medidas em campo, onde existe uma estação fluviométrica que mede o nível de água com intervalo de 10 min. As velocidades que mais se aproximaram aos dados medidos foram as calculadas pela equação de Jarrett, sendo a diferença média entre elas de 12%. As velocidades calculadas por Manning com n=0,05, também apresentaram velocidades próximas aos dados medidos. Porém, com n=0,03 a diferença aumentou significativamente. Já com o HEC-RAS 2D ocorreu o inverso de Manning, ou seja, com n=0,03 as diferenças foram menores em relação aos dados medidos. Comparando os métodos de Manning e HEC-RAS 2D com o método de Jarrett, as velocidades que mais se aproximaram foram estimadas com n=0,05 e 0,07. As equações de Manning e de Jarrett e a modelagem com HEC-RAS 2D mostraram-se adequadas para estimar a velocidade dos rios Malacara e Molha Coco. Porém, Manning e HEC-RAS 2D dependem da escolha do valor de n adequado, que é sensível à variação do fluxo na seção de medição e ao longo do canal.Palavras-chave: velocidade. bacias montanhosas. equações empíricas. HEC-RAS 2D Velocity assessment of rivers in mountainous watershed, southern of Santa Catarina A B S T R A C TThis study aimed to evaluate the velocity of two rivers, Malacara and Molha Coco, in mountain watershed located in southern Brazil. Velocities were assessed with three methods: (a) direct velocity-measurement in field; (b) Manning's and Jarrett´s equations with geomorphological data measured in the field; (c) simulation with HEC-RAS 2D. To check the coherence of the calculated and simulated velocities with the Manning coefficients (n) of 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07, the present study compared velocities measured in the field, where there is a discharge station that measures the water level with 10 min interval. The velocities that were closest to the measured data were those calculated with Jarrett equation, where the mean difference between them was 12%. The velocities calculated by Manning equation with n=0.05 were also close to the measured data. However, with n = 0.03, the difference increased significantly. With the HEC-RAS 2D, the inverse of Manning occurred, i.e., with n = 0.03 the differences were smaller in relation to the measured data. Comparing the Manning and HEC-RAS 2D methods with the Jarrett method, the velocities that came closest were estimated with n=0.05 and 0.07. The present study showed a good performance of the Manning and Jarret equations and the HEC-RAS 2D modeling to estimate the velocity of the Malacara and Molha Coco rivers. However, with Manning equation and HEC-RAS 2D depended on the choice of the appropriate value of n which is sensitive to the flow variation at the measurement section and along the channel.Keywords: velocity. mountain watershed. empirical equations. HEC-RAS 2D
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