RésuméCet article vise à présenter la Sémiotique Cognitive comme un modèle de recherche capable de décrire une partie des processus cognitifs sous-jacents au sens délirant. Plus précisément, il est proposé ici que la reformulation théorique du modèle d’intégration conceptuelle proposée par Brandt et Brandt (2005) peut soutenir la description d’une partie du processus de signification délirante dans la schizophrénie. On a analysé des entrevues et des conversations spontanées d’une patiente souffrant de schizophrénie. Il s’agit d’un cas typique présentant des symptômes très semblables aux définitions traditionnelles et aux types communément trouvés dans la pratique clinique. L’étude de cas présentée ici suggère qu’une forme schématique d’interaction sémiotique compose le noyau des événements délirants de cette patiente. Ce noyau conceptuel est décrit comme une sorte d’interaction iconique entre un antagoniste et le sujet, tel que décrit par Brandt (2007). Ce schéma d’interaction est une forme élémentaire d’interprétation et d’organisation de l’expérience de la patiente. Une partie de la signification délirante peut être comprise à travers les processus d’intégration conceptuelle organisée par ces formes sémiotiques. En somme, ces formes sont comme des schémas de pertinence qui organisent l’interprétation délirante.

A partir de uma análise dos sintomas positivos da psicose paranoica, este artigo propõe uma interlocução entre a semiótica cognitiva e a psicanálise.  Pretende-se mostrar que a iconicidade pode constituir um sistema epistemológico que serve de pano de fundo para a semiose delirante. A adesão ao imaginário, característica da psicose lacaniana, torna-se, aqui, equiparável à predominância de um esquema icônico que modula a interação entre o sujeito psicótico e o outro. Por fim, apresenta-se um modelo preliminar da semiose delirante, capaz de oferecer uma inteligibilidade, em termos cognitivos, para o processo empático sobre o qual se desenrola os sintomas positivos da psicose.

By extending the notion of constructions beyond “irregular” structures, Goldberg (1995. Constructions: A construction grammar approach to argument structure. Chicago: University of Chicago Press) made possible the analysis of clause units as a global pattern associating syntax to principles for semantic interpretation. Despite this theoretical advance, Construction Grammar’s pairing of syntactic structure and conceptual form reflects Saussure’s signifier/signified semiotic model, which poses some issues. Problems arise when a single formal structure expresses distinct semantic patterns or, conversely, when semantics persists notwithstanding formal variation. In order to approach this unstable syntax/semantics interface, this work proposes a statistical methodology to capture the correlation between syntax and Hopper and Thompson's (1980. Transitivity in grammar and discourse. Language 56(2). 251–299) parameters of transitivity. In a corpus of 7,939 clauses from 23 oral interviews, 690 randomly sampled clause units were analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equation. The data suggests that, in Brazilian Portuguese, most of those parameters are not particularly related to the prototypical transitive syntax and might be specified outside the scope of this clausal structure. Nonetheless, Affectedness is a syntax/semantic interface point that is, first, largely independent of lexical items and, second, capable of distinguishing transitive syntax from other clausal patterns. Based on this analysis, we conceive the Transitive Construction as a superordinate rule that acts upon the formal organization of a language, establishing clausal patterns both synchronically and diachronically.

Este trabalho visa a apresentar a técnica de agrupamento hierárquica para análise de padrões semânticos e sintáticos da transitividade no nível oracional. Partindo de uma perspectiva empírica e baseando-se em dados reais da língua em uso, esse tipo de metodologia se mostrou útil na investigação dos padrões linguísticos a que os falantes são expostos, chegando a resultados semelhantes a categorias teoricamente conhecidas. Em um processo de amostragem simples sem reposição, foram selecionadas 690 unidades oracionais de um corpus de 23 entrevistas orais. Essas unidades oracionais foram analisadas em termos de nove parâmetros de transitividade e de sua respectiva sintaxe oracional. O objetivo foi identificar grupos de orações que compartilham semelhanças em termos de um conjunto de traços semânticos e morfossintáticos. Os grupos encontrados revelam um tipo de significado protoconceptual das orações, que inclui traços aspectuais e actanciais que se correlacionam. Os resultados evidenciam três cenários micro-narrativos básicos sobre os quais se desenrola o evento expresso na oração.

In narrative texts, some events compose the core story line and, due to their cognitive status of focus and salience, are grammatically and discursively marked as figure. Events that do not share this status are marked as narrative ground and provide information that support those central story elements (HOPPER, 1979; TENUTA, 2006). This process of figuration in narratives reflects the cognitive principle of human perception in terms of figure and ground, proposed by the Gestalt Psychology. (KOFFKA, 1975; WERTHEIMER, 1938). This article aims at reporting results of a study that investigated the process of figuration in oral narratives produced by 13 subjects. It was tested the hypothesis of a relation between the occurrence of figure or ground narrative units and tasks with distinct cognitive demands of attention and memory. A logistic regression model showed patterns of narrative structuring connected to specific task types. The results suggest a correlation between linguistic representation of information from memory (BADDELEY, 2007's memory model) and the amount of narrative ground structures. From Bruner (2002) and Chafe's (1990) perspectives, it is understood that narratives produced from memory content tend to have more ground units, with greater manipulation of cognitive models, not reflecting an objective representation of reality.