Mardhiana, Pradana AP, Adiwena M, Santoso D, Wijaya R, Murtilaksono A. 2017. Use of endophytic bacteria from roots of Cyperus rotundus for biocontrol of Meloidogyne incognita. Biodiversitas 18: 1308-1315. Yield loss due to M. incognita infection in tomato plants cultivation can reach 60%. The problem is able to be solved through the application of endophytic bacteria. In this study, endophytic bacteria from root Cyperus rotundus were isolated using Tryptic Soy Agar media. The bacteria isolates were then tested their safety against plants and mammals. The phenotypic and physiological properties of selected isolates were characterized and tested to know their resistance to antibiotics, and their ability in suppressing the infection rate of M. incognita on tomato. Eighteen bacterial isolates were obtained and 8 of them are categorized as safe bacteria for plants and mammals, which could be used in further tests. A result of the physiological test showed that bacterial isolates were able to produce protease enzyme (87.5%), chitinase enzyme (62.5%), and HCN (37.5%), having urease activity (75%) and could dissolve phosphate (87.5%). Based on the test results, all endophytic bacteria effectively increased tomato growth and suppressed the severity of M. incognita infection with the most stable isolate as a biocontrol agent of M. incognita was CRS16.

Mardhiana, Pradana AP, Adiwena M, Kartina, Santoso D, Wijaya R, Maliki A. 2017. Effects of pruning on growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Mercy variety in The acid soil of North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Cell Biol Dev 1: 13-17. In recent years, cucumber production in Tarakan, North Kalimantan only reaches 20 tons ha-1. In fact, cucumber production potential could reach 49 tons ha-1. Several factors that limit the low productivity of cucumbers in Tarakan are acid soil and cultivation techniques which are still limited. This study aimed to determine the effect of pruning on the growth and yield of cucumbers in acid soil in Tarakan. The study was conducted using Randomized Complete Block Design with the treatment of without pruning (P0), shoot of prunings on the main stem (P1), pruning of whole lateral branches above the third section (P2), and pruning of 2 lateral branches that emerged first above the third section (P4). The results showed that plant height was 16.17% (P1) and 2.26% (P2) lower also 0.13% higher (P3) than the control (P0). The highest number of leaves was found in treatment P1 (16.19%) compared to P0. The best fruit diameter was also found in P1 treatment with 4.93% difference compared to P0. Furthermore, a highly significant and the best result on weight per fruit were also obtained by P1 treatment. The results showed that the fruit weight of P1 treatment (11.39%) was higher than P0. This study provided new information that the pruning treatment of shoots on the main stem of cucumber variety Mercy in acid soil could increase the diameter and weight of cucumber.

AbstrakSpodoptera litura F. merupakan salah satu hama penting pada beberapa jenis tanaman hrtikultura yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan hingga mencapai 80% bahkan hingga 100%. Karamunting (Melastome malabathricum) merupakan tanaman liar yang banyak tumbuh di Kota Tarakan. Tanaman ini diketahui mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yang diduga berpotensi untuk mengendalikan hama.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak Karamunting sebagai bahan insektisida nabati untuk mengendalikan ulat grayak.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 1 faktor perlakuan yaitu konsentrasi ekstrak daun Karamunting . Potensi ekstrak sebagai insektisida nabati diuji dengan metode celup menggunakan 4 konsentrasi, yaitu 0 (kontrol); 500; 1000; 2000; 4000; dan 8000 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun Karamunting mampu mengendalikan hama ulat grayak. Pemberian ekstrak sebesar 8000 ppm (P5) pada pakan menyebabkan penurunan aktivitas makan tertinggi hingga 41,2%,mortalitas larva hingga 85%, dan kecepatan kematian tertinggi setelah 7 hari pengamatan. Penurunan aktivitas makan dan mortalitas larva diduga dipengaruhi oleh adanya senyawa fenol, asam lemak, terpenoid, sterol dan alkaloid yang teridentifikasi pada ekstrak.Dengan demikian, ekstrak daun Karamunting berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan aktif insektisida nabati untuk mengendalikan hama ulat grayak. Kata kunci: aktivitas makan, karamunting, mortalitas, ulat grayak. AbstractSpodoptera litura F. is one of the important pests in Horticulture commodities which can cause damage 80% and up to 100%. Karamunting (Melastome malabathricum) is a wild plant that grows in Tarakan City. This plant is known to contain secondary metabolites which are thought to have the potential to control pests. This study aims to determine the potential of Karamunting extract as a botanical insecticide material to control armyworms. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD) method with 1 treatment factor, namely the concentration of Karamunting leaf extract. Potential extracts as botanical insecticides were tested by dye method using 4 concentrations, namely 0 (control); 500; 1000; 2000; 4000; and 8000 ppm. The results showed that Karamunting leaf extract was able to control armyworm pests. Giving extracts of 8000 ppm (P5) in feed caused the highest decrease in eating activity up to 41,2%, larval mortality up to 85%, and the highest mortality rate after 7 days of observation. Decreased feeding activity and larval mortality were thought to be influenced by the presence of phenol compounds, fatty acids, terpenoids, sterols and alkaloids identified in the extract. Thus, Karamunting leaf extract has the potential to be developed as an active ingredient in botanical insecticides to control armyworm.

Glycine max is a plant that can be used as a variety of food ingredients, such as tofu, tempeh, soy sauce. Glycine max production in North Kalimantan in 2017 has decreased production. One effort to increase Glycine max production is to use phosphorus fertilizer. Phosphorus fertilizer has the function of stimulating root growth especially at the beginning of growth, accelerating flowering, ripening of seeds and fruit. Therefore it is necessary to fertilize to increase Glycine max production. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of growth and yield of Glycine max plants to the dose of phosphorus fertilizer (p) and different varieties to determine the effect of the interaction between the dose of fertilizer with Glycine max varieties.This study used a factorial randomized block design with 8 treatments, 4 replications to produce 32 treatment units. The first factor is the dose of phosphorus fertilizer consisting of without using P fertilizer (P0), P fertilizer application 0.138 g per plant (P1), P fertilizer application 0.276 g per plant (P2), and P fertilizer application 0.552 g per plant (P3) . The second factor is Glycine max varieties consisting of Devon 1 varieties (V1) and Dena 1 varieties (V2). Analysis of data using variance with 95% confidence level and if significantly different, continued with DMRT test. The results obtained are that the dose of phosphorus fertilizer cannot affect the growth and yield of Glycine max plants in Dena 1 and Devon varieties 1. The use of Dena 1 varieties has a significant effect on the growth and yield of Glycine max plants in the treatment of plant height 3 mst (34.46 cm), 4 mst (46.35 cm), 5 mst (96.76 cm), main stem diameter 2 mst (0.33 cm) and plant seed weight (6.89 grams) and seed weight per hectare (1.1 tons / ha) . There was no interaction with the dose of phosphorus fertilizer and the use of varieties on the growth and yield of Glycine max plants in Dena 1 and Devon 1 varieties. Key words: Fertilizer, Phosphorus, Glycine max, North Borneo Kedelai merupakan tanaman yang dapat dijadikan berbagai macam bahan makanan, contohnya seperti tahu, tempe, kecap. Produksi kedelai di Kalimantan Utara tahun 2017 mengalami penurunan produksi. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi kedelai adalah menggunakan pupuk fosfor. Pupuk fosfor memiliki fungsi Merangsang pertumbuhan akar terutama pada awal-awal pertumbuhan, mempercepat pembungaan, pemasakan biji dan buah.oleh sebab itu perlu dilakukan pemupukan untuk meningkatkan produksi kedelai. Tujuan penelitian  ini adalah Mengetahui Respon pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kacang kedelai terhadap dosis pupuk fosfor (p) dan varietas yang berbeda mengetahui pengaruh interaksi antara dosis pupuk dengan varietas kacang kedelai. Penelitian ini mengunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial dengan 8 perlakuan, 4 ulangan sehingga menghasilkan 32 unit perlakuan. Faktor pertama yaitu dosis pupuk fosfor yang terdiri dari tanpa menggunakan pupuk P (P0), pemberian pupuk P 0,138 g per tanaman (P1), pemberian pupuk P 0,276 g per tanaman (P2), dan  pemberian pupuk P 0,552 g per tanaman (P3). Faktor kedua yaitu varietas tanaman kedelai yang terdiri dari varietas Devon 1 (V1) dan varietas Dena 1 (V2). Analisis data menggunakan sidik ragam dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% dan apabila berbeda nyata dilanjut dengan uji lanjut DMRT. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah Pemberian  dosis pupuk fosfor tidak dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai varietas  Dena 1 dan Devon 1. Penggunaan varietas Dena 1 berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai pada perlakukan tinggi tanaman 3 mst (34,46 cm), 4 mst (46,35 cm), 5 mst (96,76 cm), diameter batang utama 2 mst (0,33 cm) dan  berat biji  pertanaman (6,89 gram) dan berat biji perhektar (1,1 ton/ha). Tidak terjadi interaksi pada pemberian dosis pupuk fosfor dan penggunaan varietas terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai varietas Dena 1 dan Devon 1. Kata Kunci: Pupuk, Fosfor, Kedelai (Glycine max), Kalimantan Utara

The world of agriculture promises development prospects both from the point of view of region, commodity and cultivation technology. The urgency of Agronomy is to recognize, understand the ins and outs of plants, and their breeding activities. Furthermore, food crops, plantations, fruit, vegetables, spices, and even flowers require a proper and adequate technique of propagation of planting material and growing media for plants to grow and develop into production. Modern plant cultivation technology with all its developments has become a practical plant management option such as tabulampot, hydroponics, silviculture and aeroponics also requires knowledge and skills, all of which are summarized and presented in "Basic Agronomy". Books with rich knowledge and benefits for humans and their lives, described in simple and easy-to-understand language, related to the history of agriculture and agronomy, the origin and distribution center of plants, conditions for growth and reproduction, cultivation techniques, harvest and post-harvest, technological developments. cultivation. The existence of this book is expected to answer people's curiosity about the world of agriculture, especially plant cultivation, from the selection of commodities, planting materials and growing media, planting to maintenance and even harvesting and post-harvest handling.