Background: The lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorders is 10-25% for women and 5-12% for men. Women are more prone to develop depressive episode from the period of menarche to the perimenopausal period. Relatively little research has been done on this. Materials and methods: Female patients between the ages of 12 years to 55 years presenting in the outpatient department with first episode depressive symptoms are selected (ICD 10), and the number of patients presenting in different stages of the reproductive cycle-peri menarche, pregnancy, post-partum, post-abortion and perimenopausal are noted. Age at onset, severity of the illness, positive family history, presence of somatic and hypochondriac symptoms, and suicidal intent (Beck suicidal intent scale, Hamilton rating scale for depression) were noted. Results and Discussion: Out of the total 120 patients, 53 were in the perimenopause state, 23 in the peri menarche, 5 in pregnancy, 14 in the post-partum, and 7 as post-abortion. The mean age of onset of depressive disorders was 36.7 years (SD-13.67).The severity of the depressive episode is significantly higher towards the younger age group (<30years) (2 − 24.315, p-value.002) and the number of patients presenting with somatic symptoms are much higher towards the older age group (41-55years) (2-13.760 p value-.008). There is no significant difference in the presence of positive family history, hypochondriasis and suicidal intent among various age groups. Perimenopausal and peri menarche periods show a higher prevalence of depressive disorders during the female reproductive cycle. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of depression during female reproductive phases. More studies based on female reproductive hormonal changes and mood disorders are needed to prove the association.

Background: Neurocognitive studies during the euthymic phase of bipolar disorder have shown persistent cognitive deficits in 32% of patients. There is limited evidence in the Indian literature regarding this area. Neurocognitive impairment can significantly affect the overall functional recovery of these individuals. Understanding potential factors contributing to neurocognitive impairment in bipolar disorder is essential to develop prevention strategies and effective treatments. Methods: A total of 50 patients with bipolar disorder currently in euthymic phase for the last three months with a minimum duration of illness of two years and current Young Mania Rating Scale<11 and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale <8 currently on medications were administered various cognitive tests namely digit span test forward and backward, digit symbol substitution test and Trail making test A and B. The study was completed within a period of 6 months after getting approval from the institutional ethics committee. Results: Patients with bipolar disorder, in remission, have cognitive impairment in attention, memory and executive functioning. More than 50% of the patients could perform digit span test forward more than five digits, and in the case of the digit span test backwards, more than 50% of patients could perform only less than or equal to three digits. In the Trail Making tests A and B, 66% of the patients could perform within