BackgroundPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may develop as a serious long-term consequence of traumatic experiences, even many years after trauma exposure. Dessie town residents have experienced prolonged armed conflict due to inter-communal conflict in 2021. Those people are exposed to different kinds of trauma, and violence, making them more prone to psychological disorders. Despite the highest number of people affected due to conflict and its negative impact on mental health, post-traumatic stress disorders among people are overlooked in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of post-traumatic stress disorder among people who experienced traumatic events in Dessie town, Ethiopia, 2022.Materials and methodsCommunity based cross-sectional study was conducted on May 1–30, 2022, by using a multi-stage cluster sampling with a total sample of 785. Pretested, structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews were used for data collection. PTSD was assessed by the Post-traumatic stress disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Data was entered using Epi-data version 3.1 and, then exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. The association between outcome and independent variables was analyzed with bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression. P-values less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultThe prevalence of PTSD among Dessie town residents was found to be 19.4% (95% CI, 16.7, 22.0). In multivariable analysis, being females (AOR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.10–2.44), previous history of mental illness (AOR = 3.14, 95% CI 1.14–7.06) depressive symptoms (AOR = 3.12, 95% CI 1.92–5.07), witnessing a serious physical injury of a family member or friend (AOR = 2.82, 95% CI 1.18–6.70) and high perceived life threats (AOR = 5.73, 95% CI 3.05–10.78) were found to be significant predictors of PTSD.ConclusionThe prevalence of PTSD among Dessie town residents was found to be huge. Being female, having a previous history of mental illness, depressive symptoms, witnessing a serious physical injury of a family member or friend, and high perceived life threats were variables that are independent predictors of PSTD. People who have experienced such a severe traumatic event require psychosocial support to aid in their recovery from the terrible experiences.

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BackgroundProblematic substance use is becoming a common problem in marginalized groups such as street youths. However, there is a dearth of studies on the prevalence and factors associated with problematic substance use among street youth in Ethiopia.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of problematic substance use and identify its associated factors among street youth.MethodsThis community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between June and July 2020. A total of 252 participants were included in this study. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit participants. Cut down, annoyed, guilty feeling, and eye opening-adapted to include drugs (CAGE-AIDs) were used to assess problematic substance use. The data were entered into epidata and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Logistic regression with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to show the strength of association. A p-value < 0.5 was statistically significant.ResultsThe prevalence of problematic substance use was 55.8%, 95% CI (49–63%). Peer pressure [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.01, 95% CI: 1.38, 6.59], family conflict [AOR = 5.05, 95% CI: 1.67, 15.25], physical abuse [AOR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.11, 5.84], and substance use in the family [AOR = 2.85, 95% CI: 1.29, 6.27] were the factors significantly associated with problematic substance use.ConclusionThe prevalence of problematic substance use was high. It was also found that peer pressure, family conflict, substance use in the family, and physical abuse were the factors associated with problematic substance use. Therefore, proper screening and intervention for individuals with problematic substance use are needed, and further research should be conducted for marginalized groups.

Background Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) describes individuals who engage in repetitive aggressiveness, deceitfulness, impulsivity, and unlawful behavior. It has a broad impact on families, relationships, and social functioning, and also people with ASPD make heavy demands on the judicial system, social and mental health services. Even though ASPD is a common problem among incarcerated in prisons, it is not well studied in developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of ASPD among incarcerated in prison in Dessie city correctional center. Method A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 320 incarcerated in prison at Dessie correctional center, Ethiopia. The study subjects were selected by using a simple random sampling technique and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5th text revision (DSM-5) was used to measure ASPD using face-to-face interviews. Social support was assessed using the Oslo social support scale (Oslo-3). The collected data were checked for completeness and entered into Epi-data Version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were done to identify factors related to antisocial personality disorder. In multivariable logistic regression variables with a p-value, less than 0.05 were considered significant and, adjusted OR (AOR) with 95% CI was used to present the strength of the association. Results The current study showed that the prevalence of ASPD was found to be 30.6% (95% CI:25.6,35.9). In a multivariable analysis, being single [AOR = 2.33; 95%CI (1.39,3.89)], monthly income of 1000–2000 ETB (Ethiopian Birr) [AOR = 2.12; 95%CI (1.163,3.45)], reconviction [AOR = 2.37; 95%CI (1.08,5.19)], and alcohol use [AOR = 2.00; 95% CI (1.16,3.45)] were discovered to be predictors of antisocial personality disorder. Conclusion This study revealed that nearly one-third of incarcerated in prison were found to have an anti-social personality disorder. Being single, 1000–2000 ETB income, reconviction, and alcohol users were variables that are independent predictors of ASPD. A screening and intervention program is required and further research should be needed.

Background The comorbidity of depression with chronic skin disease negatively affects the quality of life and disease prognosis, creating an immense burden on patients, families, and the wider community. However, there are limited studies conducted on the prevalence of depression and associated factors among people with chronic skin disease in Ethiopia. Objective This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression among people with chronic skin disease at Boru Meda Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was carried out from March 10- April 18, 2021, among a total of 381 people with chronic skin disease. The Patient Health Questioner-9 was used to assess depression. A logistic regression analysis model with an adjusted odds ratio was used to assess the strength of associations between the outcome and predictor variables. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result The magnitude of depression among people with chronic skin disease was 23.6% (95%Cl: 19.8%, 28.6%). We identified significantly increased odds of depression among participants with rural residence (AOR = 3.45, 95% CI: 1.64, 7.28), duration of illness above 5 years (AOR = 3.59, 95% CI: 1.31, 9.85), comorbid medical illness AOR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.06, 5.98), family history of mental illness (AOR = 3.39, 95% CI: 1.11, 10.41), non-adherence to chronic skin disease medications (AOR = 3.53, 95% CI: 1.20, 10.41), low self-image (AOR = 4.69, 95% CI: 2.25, 9.77), and perceived stigma (AOR = 4.61, 95% CI: 2.14, 9.92). Conclusion Depression was common among patients with chronic skin diseases. This study has indicated a need for proper screening of depression in the current medical treatment of patients with chronic skin disease in Boru Meda Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia.