Introduction and objective. The study on domestic violence in rural areas of Western Pomerania (Poland), carried out in October 2017, aimed at determining the scale of domestic violence against the elderly, taking into account its 5 forms: psychological, physical, economic and sexual violence, as well as negligence. Materials and method. The research concept was implemented with the use of a representative sampling method by means of a questionnaire-based audit interview, and using research tools to measure the social scale of the phenomenon of domestic violence, the victims of which were the elderly from one of the rural communes of Western Pomerania. Results. The basic results of the survey were as follows: 1) 40.1% of seniors reported experiencing violence from their family members; 2) 36.5% experienced psychological violence and 21.9%-negligence; 3) 8.8% were victims of economic violence and 5.1%-of physical violence; 4) sexual abuse was the least frequently reported-0.7%. Conclusions. Domestic violence in rural areas could affect as many as 40% of seniors. Generally, they admitted to experiencing one of the 5 forms of violence distinguished in the study, of which acts of psychological violence were predominant. Negligence and economic violence were relatively less frequent. Physical violence was even less prevalent. On the other hand, 8.1% of seniors experienced 3-4 forms of violence, which could be considered as a situation of increased risk of pathologisation of their family life.

Introduction.In 2017, the third cyclical study on the scale of domestic violence against schoolchildren and youth in one of the rural communes of the Western Pomerania (Poland) was carried out. The study took into account five forms of violence: mental, physical, neglect, economic and sexual. The previous two editions of the study covered urban-rural (2016) and urban communities (2015). Materials and method. The research concept was implemented by means of the representative research method, using an auditing questionnaire interview technique, based on a research tool developed on the basis of a number of previous qualitative research and quantitative tests to measure the social scale of domestic violence. Results. Domestic violence against minors reaches 48.2% in the rural area under study, 51.8% in the urban-rural area and 65.5% in the urban area. In all types of areas, the most frequent form of violence was psychological violence, it affects 42.4% of children in rural communitys, 51.3% in urban-rural and 60.5% in urban municipalities. In reference to other, less frequent forms of violence, there was also a difference in scale according to the area type. Conclusions. The incidence of individual forms of domestic violence varied depending on the type of area: Psychological violence: rural areas -42.4%, urban-rural -51.3%, urban areas -60.5%; Neglect: rural areas -21.1%, urban-rural -13.5%, urban areas -22.3%; Physical violence: rural areas -17.1%, urban-rural -20.7%, urban areas -29.4%; Economic violence: rural areas -12.6%, urban-rural -19.2%, urban areas -29.3%; Sexual violence: rural areas -3.2%, urban-rural -3.6%, urban areas -8.1%.

Adipokines are powerful agents involved in the development of obesity-dependent cancers. This prospective study aimed to investigate the association between pre-treatment body mass index (BMI) and serum YKL-40, leptin, and adiponectin concentrations as well as the plasma activity of tissue factor (TF) and the future prognosis of early, non-metastatic breast cancer (BrC) subjects. The serum levels of YKL-40, leptin, and adiponectin as well as plasma TF activity, anthropometric parameters, and clinicopathological parameters were analysed in 81 treatment-naïve females with invasive BrC. The predictive value of YKL-40, BMI, leptin, adiponectin, and TF was determined with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Kaplan–Meier plots and log-rank and F Cox tests were used to determine the clinical outcomes of progression-free survival (PFS). The median follow-up duration was 44 months with complete follow-up for the first event. Follow-up revealed a significantly higher incidence of disease relapse in BrC patients with a high baseline concentration of YKL-40 (22.22%) and TF activity (21.43%). Body mass index was an independent predictor of survival, with women who were overweight/obese being less prone to relapse (hazard ratio (HR): 0.75; 95% CI: 0.59 to 0.95). The recurrence rates for normal-weight BrC cases was 21.05% versus 7.14% for their overweight counterparts. The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed the strong ability of the analysed biomarkers to predict disease progression, with an area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve of 0.84 (95% CI, 0.823 to 0.931). In a prospective cohort of invasive BrC patients, overweight/obesity was associated with improved future outcomes. The combination of a normal BMI with high leptin and low adiponectin levels and high TF activity was associated with an increased risk of recurrence and decreased survival.

INTRODUCTIONIn relation to all inguinal hernias, large irreducible scrotal hernias are quite rare, while such hernias containing colon tumors in the sac have so far been described in fewer than 30 cases.PRESENTATION OF CASEA 61-year-old patient was admitted for a planned surgery because of a large irreducible left-sided scrotal hernia. Intraoperatively, a large tumor of the sigmoid colon was found in the hernial sac. In a histopathological examination it was diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. A palliative operation was performed and he was referred to further systemic and palliative treatment (because of numerous coexisting liver metastases).DISCUSSIONUntil now, only about 30 cases of colon tumor in inguinal hernia sac have been reported.CONCLUSIONIt should be remembered that even the most obvious preoperative diagnosis may be verified intraoperatively.

Introduction. The presented work is the result of a literature`s studies in the field of feeding pregnant women and experimental analysis on their knowledge and health behaviors. The study highlighted the importance of preventive actions by medical staff and school instructors in giving birth to the education of future mothers. The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge of pregnant women about the principles of proper nutrition. The analysis verified the ability to use the obtained data in the daily life of the respondents. Materials and method. The research group consisted of 101 pregnant women, including 51 patients from one of the Poznan`s Hospitals of Gynecological and Obstetrics Department and 50 participants of Birth School in the same city. The research tool was an authoritative questionnaire that included questions about the knowledge of pregnant women about the impact of a rational diet for a developing fetus. Results. On the basis of the data obtained it can be stated that students of childbirth schools were more willing and more likely to undertake pro-health activities than those who were never participants in such courses. The effectiveness of knowledge transfer by professionals is an important element of prevention of disorders during pregnancy. In educational programs, emphasis should be placed on the practical application of the acquired knowledge. Conclusions. The future mother should have clearly defined goals and principles in the rush of all the information. Thanks to them she will be able to consciously and without risk of complications as a result of bad eating habits, survive the period of nine consecutive months and enjoy the correct course of pregnancy and its completion.