We report the applicability of ZrO 2 /ZnO impregnated onto a variety of MgO:SiO 2 materials as heterogeneous catalysts for the conversion of ethanol to 1,3-butadiene. The selectivity to 1,3-butadiene is affected by the ratio of the basic MgO to the acidic SiO 2 , with higher selectivities being observed as the mole fraction of MgO increases. The catalysts have been characterised by SEM, XPS, pXRD, BET surface area measurements and 29 Si solid-state NMR spectroscopy.

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