Oxygen is an oxidising gas that is in frequent use in a compressed form. Its increased concentration causes the distension of flammability thresholds of gases and liquid vapours. Solids surrounded by oxygen burn at a higher intensity, generating greater amounts of heat and higher combustion temperatures. The hazard caused by combustion of a substance in an oxygen environment not only causes its higher intensity, but due to its impact substances which in normal use conditions would not be easy to ignite, such as plastics or metals, become easily flammable in an oxygen atmosphere. Oxygen may become absorbed (in other words be accumulated) in the structure of textile materials, of which working clothing is made. Due to the possibility of warming up oxygen cylinders, it is important to know the hazards it creates, e.g. in the case of a shot, accidental opening, water cooling, and dangerous phenomena due to the presence of other flammable gases such as acetylene. The training described in the article points to the important danger when heating cylinders and the danger resulting from attempts to eliminate a hazard, e.g., during rescue and firefighting.
In the article there were described combustible properties of selected dust types formed of plastic materials. Those properties decide on fire and explosion hazard for dust in layer and in cloud, according to PN-EN 50281-2-1:2002. The article also consists of safety requirements concerning using appliances in explosion hazard areas, according to PN-EN 50281-1-2:2002. In the article there are presented results of investigations on minimal ignition temperature of layer (MITL) and minimal ignition temperature of dust cloud (MITDC) as a function of dust layer thickness of chosen industry dust with different addition of modification and values of maximum acceptable surface temperature (MAST) of machines operating in the presence of dust cloud and chosen dust layer with thickness of 5 and 12.5 mm.
Industry 4.0 creates so called "smart factory", what involves cyberphysical systems, the Internet of things, cloud computing and cognitive computing. One of design principles in Industry 4.0 is technical assistance, understood as the ability of cyberphysical systems to support humans physically by conducting a range of tasks that are unpleasant, too exhausting or unsafe for their human coworkers. Such new approach to production will affect, among others, area of workplace safety and machine safetyalso, at the field of explosion safety for works performed in areas
The results of experimental studies of organic dust detonation in the presence of chemically inert particles are presented. Tests were carried out using a vertical detonation tube, and direct streak pictures showing the flame acceleration and pressure and temperature records were obtained. Flax dust, dispersed in an oxygen atmosphere, was used as the fuel, and two kinds of quartz sand were introduced as nonreacting particles. It was found that addition of inert particles caused a linear decrease of the detonation wave velocity but had no special influence on the transition distance. Calculations using the Gordon McBride Code showed that propagation of the detonation wave in a dust-oxygen mixture requires that the dust particles burnout at a level of about 70% but addition of inert particles increased the necessary burnout level to over 80% (with a significant decrease of the detonation wave velocity).
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