Summary 0 Samples from 21 hedgerows "c[ 5 m wide\ with full!grown trees# in central New York included 28 forest herb taxa\ comprising nearly 69) of the forest herb taxa found in adjacent forest samples[ 1 We sampled three types of hedgerow[ Two types were attached to forest] remnant hedgerows "n 03#\ and regenerated hedgerows "n 00# that had grown up spon! taneously between open _elds in the last 49 years[ There were no signi_cant di}erences between remnant and regenerated hedgerows in the richness or abundance of forest herbs\ presumably indicating colonization of regenerated hedgerows[ Such colon! ization implies that hedgerows serve a corridor function[ 2 The species composition of forest herbs in hedgerows attached to forest stands showed a strong a.nity with that of the adjacent stand\ both for remnant and regenerated hedgerows[ 3 There was a distance e}ect within hedgerows[ Richness of forest herbs and similarity of composition to forest declined with distance along the hedgerow from forest\ implying colonization from the adjacent attached stand[ 4 The third type of hedgerow sampled\ isolated remnants "n 6#\ was not lower in richness or abundance of forest herbs than hedgerows attached to forest[ Keywords] colonization\ dispersal\ forest restoration\ isolation\ landscape ecology Journal of Ecology "0888# 76\ 119Ð121

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Multi-user virtual environments (MUVEs) allow users to navigate and explore the environment as well as interact with other users. The interaction within these environments is often text-based using Internet relay chat (IRC) and related systems. IRC poses a difficulty for researchers looking to analyze and interpret the communicative interaction since data is stored in the form of chatlogs. The current research proposes and applies methodological procedures for the representation and analysis of interaction in MUVEs as social networks. A case study on SciCentr programs from Cornell University is used to elaborate methods and related findings.

As a focus of its exploration of desktop 3-D environments for science outreach, the Cornell Theory Center (CTC), Cornell University's high-performance computing center, has been exploring the use of the Active Worlds client/server technology for implementation of a 3-D multiuser virtual science museum, SciCentr, that incorporates interactive simulation-based exhibits. We present here early lessons in accommodating the needs of several interconnected user groups as we move forward with establishing the SciCentr community within the greater educational community of Active Worlds Educational Universe (AWEDU) and the Contact Consortium's VLearn3D initiative. We learned that we must provide the user communities with both social and spatial frameworks within which to work and play. Social support ranges from one-on-one, over-the-shoulder help, to guidance and training within the environment, to coordination of "inworld" activities and inperson pizza parties. Spatial design requirements depend on the activities of the user group and benefit from study of real and virtual world examples. Our experience to date with a pilot group of teenaged participants is encouraging, and we believe that this medium has potential as a resource for constructivist informal science and technology education.

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