FEAR OF CRIME operating in the residential environment that would "spread" the impacts of criminal events. The indirect victimization model, discussed below, is an example of a model constructed along these lines. Third, the patterning of fear across areas does not match the patterning of crime levels. Although at least one study has found that actual victims of crime are more fearful than non-victims, 7 areas with higher crime or victimization rates do not always have residents who are more fearful." This failure of fear levels to covary spatially with crime levels has led to an ongoing debate concerning the meaning or construct validity of fear of crime survey items. Turning to the issue of construct validity, it is accepted that fear is "the emotional dimension of [people's] response to crime .... 9 More recently, fear has been further circumscribed. Garofalo has suggested that fear taps the emotional response to possible violent crime and physical harm, while the term "worry" captures the emotional response to possible property crime (e.g., burglary, larceny). 0 Maxfield has concurred in the view that fear is linked to violent crime and worry to property crime. 11 The emotional "fear" and "worry" responses can be captured with items about " 'how afraid,' 'how uneasy' people feel about the occurrence of crime in general or a specific type of crime." 1 2 Most assume that the standard National Crime Survey "day fear" and "night fear" items ("How safe do you feel (or would you feel) alone at night in your neighborhood?") capture the fear people anticipate due to the possibility of violent crime. A. THE DISORDER PERSPECTIVE Nonetheless, despite these suggestions by researchers about how to tap fear of crime and what fear of crime questions "get at,"

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