Specific local environmental and sociocultural conditions have led to the creation of various goat populations in Russia. National goat diversity includes breeds that have been selected for down and mohair production traits as well as versatile local breeds for which pastoralism is the main management system. Effective preservation and breeding programs for local goat breeds are missing due to the lack of DNA-based data. In this work, we analyzed the genetic diversity and population structure of Russian local goats, including Altai Mountain, Altai White Downy, Dagestan Downy, Dagestan Local, Karachaev, Orenburg, and Soviet Mohair goats, which were genotyped with the Illumina Goat SNP50 BeadChip. In addition, we addressed genetic relationships between local and global goat populations obtained from the AdaptMap project. Russian goats showed a high level of genetic diversity. Although a decrease in historical effective population sizes was revealed, the recent effective population sizes estimated for three generations ago were larger than 100 in all studied populations. The mean runs of homozygosity (ROH) lengths ranged from 79.42 to 183.94 Mb, and the average ROH number varied from 18 to 41. Short ROH segments (<2 Mb) were predominant in all breeds, while the longest ROH class (>16 Mb) was the least frequent. Principal component analysis, Neighbor-Net graph, and Admixture clustering revealed several patterns in Russian local goats. First, a separation of the Karachaev breed from other populations was observed. Moreover, genetic connections between the Orenburg and Altai Mountain breeds were suggested and the Dagestan breeds were found to be admixed with the Soviet Mohair breed. Neighbor-Net analysis and clustering of local and global breeds demonstrated the close genetic relations between Russian local and Turkish breeds that probably resulted from past admixture events through postdomestication routes. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the genetic relationships of goats originating in West Asia and Eurasia and may be used to design breeding programs for local goats to ensure their effective conservation and proper management.
This paper shows a straightforward, but surprisingly effective approach to detect genomic regions of importance, illustrated on two Simmental cattle populations. Medium density genomic data of 42 German/Austrian (denoted as "Western") and 38 Russian Simmental cattle were used to identify the most frequent haplotypes within the two populations. The haplotypes were defined as non-overlapping segments of ten single nucleotide ploymorphisms (SNP). The phasing was done with the SHAPEIT software, with a follow up analysis of haplotypes using the GHap package. Despite the low sample size a number of high frequency haplotypes could be identified accross the whole genome. The identified genes residing direcly in these high frequency haplotypes were extremely relevant for the dual purpose Simmental cattle. A large part of these genes influenced growth rate and carcass traits, others were relevant for the milk production. A smaller proportion was connected to the reproduction, immune system and cellular processes, with indirect influence on production traits.
The equipment of the Sharing Center for Farm Animal Bioresources and Bioengineering (FSC for Animal Husbandry) was used. Supported financially by Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (the project unique identifier RFMEFI60417X0182)
Скорость генетического прогресса по низконаследуемым признакам воспроизводства у свиней может быть увеличена за счет интеграции в селекционные программы ДНК-маркеров, ассоциированных с локусами количественных признаков (QTL) репродуктивных качеств (маркерная селекция, marker-assisted selection, MAS). В представленной работе впервые получены результаты, указывающие на отсутствие значимого влияния гена IGF2 на фертильность свиноматок. Сопряженность генов ECR F18/FUT1, ESR и MUC4 с оценками племенной ценности по собственной продуктивности свиноматок оказалась значимой и подтверждала взаимосвязь генетических и физиологических механизмов формирования репродуктивных особенностей свиней. Целью настоящих исследований была оценка влияния ДНК-маркеров IGF2 (инсулиноподобный фактор роста 2), ECR F18/FUT1 (рецептор Escherichia coli F18), ESR (эстрогеновый рецептор) и MUC4 (муцин 4) на признаки фертильности свиноматок пород крупная белая и ландрас. Материалом служили данные первичного учета показателей воспроизводительных качеств по результатам первых трех опоросов свиноматок (Sus scrofa) пород крупная белая (n = 894) и ландрас (n = 513) в ООО «Селекционно-гибридный центр» (Воронежская обл.). Были проанализированы абсолютные значения и скорректированные фенотипические показатели, а также проведена оценка племенной ценности особей (Estimated Breeding Value, EBV) по следующим признакам: число рожденных поросят в гнезде за один опорос (TNB), число живорожденных поросят за один опорос (NBA), средняя масса поросенка в гнезде при рождении (BW), скорректированная масса поросенка в гнезде при рождении (BW adj), молочность свиноматки (масса гнезда при отъеме на 21-е сут) (WW), скорректированная молочность свиноматки (скорректированная масса гнезда при отъеме на 21-е сут) (WW adj). Геномную ДНК выделяли из проб ткани (ушной выщип) с использованием набора реагентов ДНК-Экстран-2 (ООО «НПФ Синтол», Россия). Были определены частоты встречаемости генотипов по анализируемым маркерам и выявлены их достоверные отклонения от состояния популяционного равновесия для животных крупной белой породы по гену IGF2 (p < 0,01) и породы ландрас по генам IGF2 (p < 0,01), ECR F18/FUT1 (p < 0,01) и MUC4 (p < 0,001). Значение коэффициента гомозиготности по Робертсону (Ca) было наибольшим для генотипов по генам IGF2 и ECR F18/FUT1, при этом для особей крупной белой породы показатель достигал соответственно 0,76 и 0,65 против 0,60 и 0,72 для породы ландрас. Коэффициенты наследуемости анализируемых признаков для двух пород варьировали в следующих пределах: TNB
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.