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Samuel de Champlain's travels through what would become New France have been extensively documented and mapped by geographers and historians today. As conventional cartographic depictions of the routes of a European explorer and colonizer, these maps portray the locational details of Champlain's journeys but omit the emotional geographies and the sense of place evoked in his journals, as well as the Indigenous geographies interwoven with Champlain's story. This article suggests techniques for restoring multiple experiences and multiple voices to the historical cartography of Champlain's travels, including the expressive use of colour and type, the blending of spatial and temporal scales in sequential insets, the incorporation of mental maps and dream geographies, and the representation of Native voices through place names and imagined dialogue. In so doing, the authors reimagine historical cartography for the representation of place rather than space by taking a narrative approach to cartographic language.

This article presents the cartographic outcome of a 3-year collaboration with Penobscot Nation Cultural & Historic Preservation to map the traditional place names of Penobscot territory in the state of Maine. After a consideration of the challenges of mapping Indigenous place names, I describe my cartographic contribution to the project, to transform the map design using the tools of narrativity and translation. Initial insights about Penobscot place names then led to wider insights regarding Indigenous place names and traditional cartography, through a comparison to similar practices in the place name traditions of other communities. I then explain how these insights influenced the design of the map itself.