This article presents a bibliographic review on the evolution of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and their integration in the social sciences, which is important because the interrelation of these areas contributes to the knowledge of the people. In this sense, the objective was to contribute to the university academic knowledge, through the compilation, classification, analysis and synthesis of scientific works according to the subject treated. For this purpose, the historical, synthetic, dialectical, and analytical methods were used, with a descriptive and documentary type of research, obtaining as a result that the GIS are very useful in different fields of social sciences, ranging from archeology to sociology, including specific topics such as economics and criminology.

Este artículo presenta una revisión bibliográfica sobre la evolución de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) y su integración en las ciencias sociales, esto es importante debido a que la interrelación de estas áreas, aporta al conocimiento de los pueblos. En este sentido, el objetivo planteado fue contribuir al conocimiento académico universitario, a través de la recopilación, clasificación, análisis y síntesis de obras científicas acordes a la temática tratada. Para este fin se utilizaron los métodos histórico, sintético, dialéctico, y analítico, con un tipo de investigación descriptiva y documental, obteniendo como resultado que los SIG son de gran utilidad en diferentes campos de las ciencias sociales, que van desde la arqueología hasta la sociología, pasando por temas tan concretos como la economía y la criminología.

This research work made a study of scientific citations, with the aim of identifying aspects that may influence the citations of a higher educational institution. We analyzed 219 records of publications of the National University of Chimborazo and 10304 records of manuscripts from Ecuador. This work had a qualitative approach and a systemic design. As a result, it was found that the impact of scientific publications is reflected by the number of citations that have the documents published by the higher education institutions; in this sense, publications with larger citations are not related to the number of authors or volume of the published magazine, but they are supported by a quality research and correspond mostly to applied sciences.

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