By 2050, according to the conclusion of the European Commission, the amount of solar panels waste will reach 78 million tons. 85% of all solar panels produced today belong to polycrystalline solar panels. The subject of this paper is the polymer components of polycrystalline solar panels EVA (ethyl vinyl acetate) and Tedlar® (polyvinyl fluoride). The paper reflects studies to determine the chemical composition of impurities of the solar panel components, and the degree of impurities influence on the toxicity of polymer components.

The article is devoted to the determination of the degree of toxicity of the polymer components EVA (ethyl vinyl acetate) and Tedlar® (polyvinyl fluoride) solar panels at the end of their useful life. A biotest analysis was chosen as a research method. The article discusses the main provisions of the selected method, as well as the advantages of the selected test organism. The article reflects the main provisions of the selected method. The results of a study to determine the toxicity of polymer components are also presented. Based on the data obtained, the dependences of the toxicity of compounds on time are constructed. These studies show the possible consequences of the interaction of the aquatic environment (rains) with the components of solar panels during their utilization (disposal).

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THE PURPOSE. Detection of the dependences between the toxicity index of the components of crystalline solar panels EVA and Tedlar® and the factors of sample preparation of water extracts used in biotesting on the chemotactic reaction of Paramecium caudatum test objects using Biotester-2M as an analyzer. These factors included: the temperature of the extract, the exposure time of the extract of the studied objects in distilled water, and the use of otherkind of extract.METHODS. In the course of the study, the biotesting method for the chemotactic reaction of Paramecium caudatum was used. In the experiments, an aqueous extract was prepared in accordance with PND F T 16.3.16-10. The resulting extracts were analyzed on a Biotester-2M device. For each experiment number, a study was carried out in three cuvettes, from each of which the device took 10 values. To assess the influence of extract temperature factors and exposure time, an experiment was carried out for temperatures of 4°C and 35°C, which allow taking into account the temperature at solid waste landfills at different times of the year. The extraction times were chosen to be 1, 7, 21, 28, 42 and 56 days. Data analysis was carried out using two-way replicated analysis of variance implemented using MatLab® tools. To assess the effect of the extraction medium, an experiment was carried out with the replacement of distilled water as an extract with mineral water of the Bonaqua brand and 1% acetone solution.RESULTS. The error probability of the hypothesis about the influence of temperature and exposure time factors of the extract on the toxicity index was calculated at given significance levels. A comparative analysis of the average toxicity indices for the studied extraction media with distilled water, which is used as an extraction medium in approved biotesting methods, was carried out.CONCLUSION. For complex organic compounds such as EVA and Tedlar® the toxicity indices will depend on a number of factors: the temperature of the extract, the residence time of the components in the extract, and the extraction medium.

Introduction. Expanding the scope of application of rare-earth metal compounds that are unique in their properties increases the interest of many researchers in studying the impact of rare-earth metals and their compounds on human health and the environment. One of the most relevant and modern methods for assessing the safety of the studied media for a biological test object is bioassay. Problem Statement. The objective necessity of determining the combined effect of rare earth metals and their compounds on human health and the environment involves the use of biological systems. Modern methods of bioassay are extremely sensitive, which is sufficient to determine sub-threshold concentrations of hazardous substances in accordance with international standards. Thus, the use of these methods can make it possible to determine the index and the degree of toxicity of rare earth metal compounds with high accuracy in order to prepare a package of necessary documentation on industrial safety of products. Theoretical Part. Based on the studied toxicological effects of rare earth metals, the authors proposed to conduct a toxicity assessment based on the concept of biotechnical systems. The object of research was oxides and carbonates of rare earth metals. The results of the study to determine the index and the degree of toxicity of rare earth metal compounds, as well as to assess the lethal concentration of LC50 (24 h) by biotesting using test organisms Paramecium Caudatum were used to write a safety data sheet for cerium oxide and carbonate. Conclusion. The studies have shown that a certain modification of the technical solutions embedded in the devices of the Biotester series makes it possible to correctly solve the problem of assessing the toxicity of rare earth metals and their compounds. Based on the research results, the safety data sheets were developed.