Abstract. The authors discuss some pending issues related to migration in terms of ensuring national security of the countries involved in international integration processes; it is emphasized that security challenges are closely related with the formation and implementation of migration policy. The preconditions of forced and illegal migration types are identified together with their influence on the security state in different spheres of social life. It is shown that intensification of migration processes may have a very good economic effect and can be justified economically and politically. At the same time, it is proved that ungoverned migration is able to harm economy and put national security at risk, as it can strain social, economic, international or inter-religious contradictions and cause a growth in crime. Migration issues have become even more acute in the face of destabilizing trends running in the world including the growing number of refugees and stepping-up terrorist activities. Hence, prevention and mitigation of national security risks related with migration processes is becoming an urgent need for many countries that have to encounter with massive migration challenges. It is argued that the efficiency of a struggle with national security migration threats depends on a well-balanced cautious governmental policy including legal, economic and organizational mechanisms of migration control and regulation, which shall be supported by criminal justice response measures due to increased social risks. Keywords: Migration Policy; National Security; Globalization; Economic Integration; Illegal Migration JEL Classification: F22 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.V157-0006 Урда М. М. кандидат юридичних наук, доцент, доцент кафедри карного права, Південно-Західний державний університет, Курськ, Російська Федерація Шевєльова С. В. кандидат юридичних наук, декан юридичного факультету, доцент, Південно-Західний державний університет, Курськ, Російська Федерація Міграційна політика й проблеми національної безпеки країн в умовах глобалізації Анотація. У статті розглядаються актуальні проблеми міграційних процесів у контексті забезпечення національної безпеки країн-учасниць міжнародної економічної інтеграції. Показано зв'язок проблеми безпеки з формуванням і реалізацією міграційної політики. Виявлено передумови вимушеної та нелегальної міграції і їх вплив на стан захищеності в різних сферах громадського життя. Активізація міграційних процесів несе в собі позитивний економічний ефект і може бути економічно й політично виправданою. Разом із тим, безконтрольна міграція здатна негативно вплинути на економіку й створити загрозу національній безпеці, оскільки вона загострює соціально-економічні, міжнаціональні, міжконфесійні конфлікти, сприяє зростанню злочинності. При цьому міграційні проблеми набувають ще більшого значення на тлі дестабілізаційних процесів у світі, що супроводжуються зростанням числа біженців, активізацією діяльності терористичних організацій. Таким чином, попередження й ліквідація загроз національн...

The purpose of the paper is to identify the correlation between illegal migration, migration crimes and the use of the Internet resources. The content analysis of advertising sites, social networks in combination with other research methods has revealed that in the virtual space there is both active promotion of services facilitating illegal migration and a wide demand for them. Based on the results of the study, the authors develop the following proposals for improving measures to combat illegal migration in the global network. 1. A strategic direction for countering illegal migration should be the adjustment of the state’s migration policy through the establishment of a correlation between this phenomenon and the use of modern information and telecommunication technologies aiming at organizing and developing a criminal business providing illegal entry, stay (residence) services, fictitious registration, and registration on migration registration, etc. 2. The counteraction to illegal migration in cyberspace should be implemented through an integrated approach. From the perspective of criminal law, it is necessary to add the element “using the media or information and telecommunication networks (including the Internet)” into Part 2 of Art. 322.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which provides for liability for the crime elements of the organization of illegal migration. From the perspective of criminology it is important to identify and record the real conditionality of the development of illegal migration, migration crimes and the use of the Internet to commit them; to improve statistical reporting on crime by including information on the organization of illegal migration committed via the media or information and telecommunication networks (including the Internet) in the report of the State Automated Police Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation on crimes committed in the field of telecommunication and computer information.

Legislations of foreign countries on responsibility for committing offences in the field of illegal migration have been subjected to the comparative legal study. Its purpose is to identify the characteristics of criminalization and penalization of relevant offences in foreign countries and to offer proposals for improving the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation on their basis. In addition to the comparative legal method, formal legal, formal logical, dialectical and systematic methods are used in the paper. The result of the study was the creation of the author's classification of crimes in the sphere of illegal migration, which allowed the author to formulate priority areas for improving the existing mechanism of counteraction to illegal migration in the Russian Federation. Scope of regulation: lawmaking and education. Based on the study results, conclusions on the necessity to give criminal significance to the deportation of foreign citizens and stateless persons, as well as toughening the responsibility for organizing illegal migration of several persons or a person who are prohibited from entering the state, have been drawn up.

Инструментами уголовного противодействия незаконной миграции являются санкции миграционных преступлений. От адекватности их конструирования зависит эффективность уголовно-правовой охраны миграционного режима. Автором обосновывается то, что наказуемость миграционных преступлений по многим параметрам не отвечает требованиям справедливости, лишена разумности и последовательности. Требуется изменение законодательных подходов к определению допустимых (целесообразных) размеров и видов наказаний, используемых в санкциях статей миграционных преступлений. В работе сформулирована авторская редакция санкций миграционных преступлений. The instruments for criminal action against illegal migration are the sanctions of migration crimes. The effectiveness of the migration regime criminal law protection depends on the adequacy of their design. The author argues that the punishability of migration crimes in many ways does not meet the requirements of fairness, reasonableness and consistency. There is a need to change legislative approaches to determining the permissible (appropriate) levels and types of penalties used in the sanctions of the articles on migration offences. The work has formulated an author’s version of sanctions for migration crimes.

Рассматривается проблема социальной обусловленности уголовноправового запрета посягательств в отношении персональных данных человека. Объектом исследования являются общественные отношения, возникающие в связи с установлением уголовной ответственности за нарушения неприкосновенности персональных данных человека, а его целью ± выявление оснований их уголовноправовой охраны. Для достижения указанной цели применялись формально-юридический, системно-структурный методы юридической науки. Автор развивает и углубляет теорию в части социально-правового и криминологического обоснования криминализации рассматриваемых деяний. Делается вывод об обоснованности уголовно-правовой охраны персональных данных в связи с высокими рисками «деаномизациидля фундаментальных прав человека. The problem of social conditionality of the criminal law prohibition of encroachments against personal data of a person is being considered. The object of the study is social relations arising in connection with the establishment of criminal liability for violations of the inviolability of personal data of a person, and its purpose is to identify the grounds for their criminal protection. For this purpose, formal-legal, system-structural methods of legal science were used. The author develops and deepens the theory in terms of socio-legal and criminological justification for the criminalization of the crimes in question. It is concluded that the criminal law protection of personal data is justified in connection with the high risks of «deanomizationfor fundamental human rights.