RESUMEN. Antecedentes: Es necesario identificar la situación de salud bucal en grupos específicos para establecer programas efectivos. Objetivo: Describir el estado de higiene bucal, caries dental y de necesidades de tratamiento en escolares de 5, 7 y 12 años del municipio de Istmina (Chocó). Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 294 escolares (48 % niñas), seleccionados por conveniencia, de seis instituciones educativas oficiales. Por medio de encuesta y examen clínico se recogió información sociodemográfica, uso de elementos de higiene bucal, grado de higiene bucal, índices ceo-d y COP-D (y sus componentes) y necesidades de tratamiento. Se efectuó análisis descriptivo univariado y bivariado e inferencial mediante Chi cuadrado. Resultados: Dos terceras partes de la población analizada tenían una higiene oral regular (mayor porcentaje en niños y en escolares de 7 años). El promedio ceo-dM fue de 2,5 ± 3,2, lo cual equivale a una prevalencia y experiencia de caries dental del 57 % y 59 % respectivamente. El promedio COP-DM fue de 0,6 ± 1,2, con una prevalencia y experiencia de caries dental del 24 % y 28 % respectivamente. El índice significativo de caries fue de 1,9 ± 1,5. El 47 % requería obturaciones (promedio de 1,9 ± 1,5). Se presentaron diferencias significativas por edad y sexo tanto para caries dental como para necesidades de tratamiento. Conclusiones: Los indicadores de caries dental estaban en consonancia con las metas internacionales. Se identificaron algunas diferencias según factores sociodemográficos que requieren estudios a mayor profundidad desde la perspectiva de determinantes sociales. ABSTRACT. Background: It is necessary to identify the oral health situation in specific groups to establish effective programs. Objective: To describe the oral hygiene status, dental caries and treatment needs in 5-, 7-, and 12-year-old schoolers of the municipality of Istmina (Chocó). Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in 294 schoolchildren, selected by convenience, (48 % girls) from six official educational institutions. Sociodemographic information (age and sex), use of oral hygiene elements, oral hygiene level, dmf-t and DMT-F indexes (and their components), and treatment needs data were collected through survey and clinical examination. Descriptive univariate and bivariate and inferential (Chi-square test) analyses were carried out. Results: Two-thirds of the population analyzed had poor oral hygiene levels (higher percentage among boys and 7-year-olds). The dmf-tM was 2.5 ± 3.2, which is equivalent to dental caries prevalence and experience of 57 % and 59 %, respectively. The mean DMF-TM was 0.6 ± 1.2, with dental caries prevalence and experience of 24 % and 28 % respectively. The Significant Caries Index was 1.9 ± 1.5. 47 % required fillings (average 1.9 ± 1.5). Age and sex differences were found for dental caries and treatment needs. Conclusions: Although the indicators of dental caries were in accordance with the international goals, some differences according to sociodemographic factors were evidenced. Thus, more in-depth studies from the social determinants approach are required.
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