Chan, M, MacInnis, MJ, Koch, S, MacLeod, KE, Lohse, KR, Gallo, ME, Sheel, AW, and Koehle, MS. Cardiopulmonary demand of 16-kg kettlebell snatches in simulated Girevoy Sport. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2018-Kettlebell lifting has become popular both as a strength and conditioning training tool and as a sport in and of itself: Girevoy Sport (GS). Although several kettlebell multimovement protocols have been analyzed, little research has attempted to quantify the aerobic stimulus of the individual events in GS, which could better inform kettlebell-related exercise prescription. The purpose of this study was to quantify the cardiopulmonary demand, assessed primarily by oxygen consumption (V[Combining Dot Above]O2) and heart rate (HR), of continuous high-intensity kettlebell snatches-under conditions relevant to GS-and to compare this demand with a more traditional graded rowing ergometer maximal exercise test. Ten male participants (age = 28.4 ± 4.6 years, height = 185 ± 7 cm, body mass = 95.1 ± 14.9 kg) completed (a) a graded-exercise test on a rowing ergometer to determine maximal oxygen consumption (V[Combining Dot Above]O2max) and maximal heart rate (HRmax) and (b) a graded-exercise test consisting of continuous 16-kg kettlebell snatches to determine peak oxygen consumption (V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak) and peak heart rate (HRpeak) during a simulated GS snatch event. Subjects achieved a V[Combining Dot Above]O2max of 45.7 ± 6.7 ml·kg·min and HRmax of 177 ± 8.3 b·min on the rowing ergometer. The kettlebell snatch test produced a V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak of 37.6 ± 4.4 ml·kg·min (82.7 ± 6.5% V[Combining Dot Above]O2max) and a HRpeak of 174 ± 10 b·min (98.0 ± 3.4% HRmax). These findings suggest that GS kettlebell snatches with 16-kg can provide an adequate aerobic stimulus to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in those with a V[Combining Dot Above]O2max of ≤51 ml·kg·min, according to aerobic training recommendations from the American College of Sports Medicine.

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, mannequin models have been developed to mimic viral spread using fluorescent particles. These models use contraptions such as a spray gun or an exploding latex balloon to emanate a sudden acceleration of particles, simulating a "cough" reflex. No models have been developed to mimic passive aerosolization of viral particles during a cardiopulmonary arrest simulation. Our novel approach to aerosolization of simulated viral spread allows for a continuous flow of particles, which allows us to maintain components of high-fidelity team-based simulations. Our simulated model emanated GloGerm (Moab, UT) from the respiratory tract using a continuous nebulization chamber. Uniquely, the construction of our apparatus allowed for the ability to perform full, simulated cardiopulmonary resuscitation scenarios (such as chest compressions, bag-mask ventilation, and endotracheal intubation) on a high-fidelity mannequin while visualizing potential contamination spread at the conclusion of the simulation.Positive feedback from users included the ability to visualize particulate contamination after cardiopulmonary resuscitations in the context of personal protective equipment usage and roles in resuscitation (i.e. physician, respiratory therapist, nurse). Negative criticism towards the simulation included the lack of certain high-fidelity feedback markers of the mannequin (auscultating breath sounds and checking pulses) due to the construction of the particle aerosolization mechanism.

No abstract

Succession planning (SP) can reduce the nurse manager shortage while ensuring continuity of organizational operations and quality, decreasing staff stress during leadership change, and reducing the cost of recruiting and training external hires. This integrative review explores SP practices as an intervention to enhance clinical nurses' ability to step into nursing leadership roles.

Background: Patient barriers to protect health care workers from COVID-19 exposure have been studied for airway management. Few are tested for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We sought to determine whether a plastic drape barrier affects resuscitation performance and contamination risks for a simulated cardiopulmonary arrest scenario. Methods: This pilot trial randomized in-hospital resuscitation teams of 4 to 6 participants to a plastic drape or without a drape in an in situ cardiopulmonary arrest simulation. The mannequin's airway emanated simulated virus particles (GloGerm, Moab, UT), detectable through UV light. Primary outcomes included airway management and CPR quality measures. Secondary outcomes included visible contamination on personal protective equipment (PPE). We used the Non-Technical Skills (NO-TECHS) instrument to measure perceived team performance and the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) to measure individual workload. Outcome variables were analyzed using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with participant number as a covariate. Results: Seven teams were allocated to the intervention (plastic drape) group and 7 to the control. Intubation and ventilation performance (η 2 = 0.09, P > 0.3) and chest compression quality (η 2 = 0.03-0.19, P > 0.14) were not affected by the plastic drape. However, mean contaminated PPE per person decreased with the drape (2.8 ± 0.3 vs. 3.7 ± 0.3, partial η 2 = 0.29, P = 0.05). No differences in perceived workload nor team performance were noted ( P > 0.09). Conclusions: In this pilot study, the use of a plastic drape barrier seems not to affect resuscitation performance on simulated cardiopulmonary arrest but decreases health care worker contamination risk. Further implementation trials could characterize the true risk reduction and any effect on resuscitation outcomes.