Five experiments were conducted to study perceptions of self-disclosure by attractive and unattractive males and females. Results showed that highly disclosing females were preferred over females with medium or low self-disclosure when their self-disclosure was about a parental suicide or about sexual attitudes. Highly disclosing females were evaluated less favorably than females with medium self-disclosure when their self-disclosure was about aggressive feelings of competitiveness. Highly disclosing males were evaluated less favorably than males with medium and low selfdisclosure on all disclosure topics. Disclosers with high physical attractiveness were evaluated more favorably than disclosers with low physical attractiveness, but there was considerable variation among subject populations. Derlega and Chaikin (1976) and Chelune (1976) reported similar results showing that highly disclosing males were evaluated as being less liked and as having poorer psychological adjustment than highly disclosing females. In the same studies, males engaging in low self-disclosure were evaluated as more liked and as having better psychological adjustment than females whose selfdisclosure was low. Derlega and Chaikin (1976) and Chelune (1976) explained their results on the basis of sex-role stereotypes which result from the fact that females in our society are taught to be more expressive and emotional than males (Jourard, 1971;Mischel, 1970;Rosenkrantz et al., 1968). Because ofthese sex-role stereotypes, high self-disclosure is a relatively more sex-appropriate and acceptable behavior for females and low self-disclosure is a relatively more sex-appropriate and acceptable behavior for males.While high self-disclosure may generally be more sex-appropriate for females than for males, it is also likely that evaluations of highly disclosing people are influenced by the content ofthe message that is being disclosed. The high disclosure topics manipulated by Derlega and Chaikin (1976) included guilt feelings re-1. The authors wish to thank
Four experiments were conducted in which subjects evaluated people who talked 20, 50 or 80% of the time in opposite-sex or same-sex interactions. Multivariate analysis of results showed that first impressions of talking rate can be understood in terms of a "potency" dimension and a "liking" dimension. People who talked 80% of the time were evaluated as being domineering, out going, selfish, inconsiderate, inattentive, impolite, cold, and disliked by the other person. People talking 50% of the time were evaluated as being likeable, attentive, polite, and warm. People talking 20% of the time were evaluated as being submissive, introverted, unselfish and unintelligent. There was no interaction between speaker sex and amount of talking in opposite-sex dyads. Males in same-sex interactions were evaluated as being cold when they spoke 20% of the time and females in same-sex interactions were evaluated as being cold, inattentive, and intelligent when they spoke 80% of the time. Suggestions were given for an attributional study of talking rate.
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