Most people with stroke are being cared for at home by family caregivers. Giving care is stressful, and family caregivers are predisposed to care-related complications such as life changes and depression. This article is a report of a study that examined the relationship between the perceived care-related life changes and depression in family caregivers of people with stroke, and it identified predictors influencing depression and perceived care-related life changes. A convenience sample of 60 family caregivers completed one demographic data sheet and two questionnaires: Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Data were collected in a 1-month period in 2008. According to the findings, the mean score of the subjects on the Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale was -5.70, representing an overall negative change related to the caregiving role. The prevalence of people at a risk of depression or being depressed was 40%. Correlation analysis showed that, as perceived life changes score decreases (change for the worst), the score for the feeling of depression increases (r = -.692, p ≤ .001). Stroke survivors' functional disability significantly predicted both perceived care-related life changes and depression in caregivers. Assessment of caregivers of people with stroke for depressive symptoms should be incorporated in the initial nursing assessment process. The perceived life changes among caregivers should be closely monitored, and follow-up meetings should be planned to support caregivers. The functional disability in people with stroke could be a valuable criterion for planning care for their caregivers.

Background: The main goal of nursing profession is to provide people's health that cannot be achieved only through the use of scientific methods, and it is essential to pay special attention to spirituality and ethics for its attainment. The current study aimed at determining the effect of spirituality training on the moral sensitivity of nursing students. Methods: The current quasi-experimental study was conducted on 70 nursing students of the fourth and higher semesters (35 in each group) from Iran University of Medical Sciences selected by stratified sampling proportion to size method. Pre-test was administered to both groups; then the intervention group attended six training sessions, once a week each for one hour, and the post-test was administered to the two groups one month after the end of the intervention. Data were collected by demographic characteristics and the Korean Version of the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (K-MSQ), and analyzed by descriptive statistics including frequency distribution, mean and standard d deviation, and inferential statistics including Chi-square, Fisher test, t-test, paired t-test and analysis of covariance using SPSS V. 22. Results: The study results showed a significant difference between the moral sensitivity score of the intervention group before (4.07±0.53) and after (6.36±0.18) training (P<0.001). Conclusion: The obtained results indicated that the moral sensitivity score of nursing students increased after spirituality training. Due to the fact that nursing students are responsible for providing nursing services in their future careers, placing these concepts in their curriculum as a course unit or along with other courses, especially Islamic ethics and Islamic thought is recommended.

Background: Adolescence is an essential period in every human’s life. The lack of knowledge on puberty issues may adversely impact an adolescent’s future mental health and self-efficacy. The present study aimed to determine the effect of puberty health education on the general self-efficacy of female students. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test; post-test and a control group design. This study was conducted on 100 female students of public schools with the onset of menstruation in 2018 in Ghaemshahr City, Iran. To prevent data contamination, the control group was selected from another similar public school. The required data were collected by Sherer General Self-efficacy Questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS using statistics, including mean, standard deviation, Chi-squared test, Fisher’s Exact test, one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Paired Samples t-test. Results: The study groups were matched for demographic variables except for the mother’s age (P=0.01) and father’s education (P=0.001). Self-efficacy was not low in any of the groups before and after the training. Mean±SD pre-training self-efficacy scores in the intervention (63.68±9.72) and control (65.3±8.78) groups were not statistically significant (P=0.69). Comparing the students’ self-efficacy mean Pre-test-Post-test scores revealed a significant difference in the intervention group (P=0.017); however, there was no significant change in the control group (P=0.284) in this respect. Comparing between-group mean self-efficacy changes concerning before and after the intervention values suggested no significant difference (P=0.294). Conclusion: Puberty health education was effective in promoting the explored female students’ self-efficacy. Accordingly, it is recommended to include puberty education in female students’ courses. In addition, community health nurses are suggested to include this training in their programs.