Artiklis tutvustatakse uurimust, mille eesmärk on selgitada välja lauselõpulist kitsast fookust laiast fookusest eristava emfaatilise primaarse lauserõhu akustilised korrelaadid eesti keeles. Tähenduseristust kandvat emfaasi vaadeldakse ka lause eelviimasel sõnal, kus selle realiseerumist ei mõjuta prosoodilise piiri korrelaadid. Uurimus täiendab varasemat uurimust, milles testiti emfaasi korrelaate piirieelses positsioonis. Uurimuse tulemusena leitakse, et piirieelses positsioonis ebaoluliseks osutunud põhitooniga seotud korrelaadid on mittepiirieelses kontekstis osaliselt olulised. Mõlemas kontekstis on oluline sihtsõna suhteline intensiivsus lauses. Lisaks vaadeldakse, kuidas emfaasi peamiseks korrelaadiks osutunud pikenemine sõnas realiseerub ning suhestub väldet signaliseerivate kestussuhetega jalas. Leitakse, et mittepiirieelses kontekstis toimub pikenemine kestussuhetele vastavalt (esimeses ja teises vältes) või seda suurendades ja vältetunnust võimendades (kolmandas vältes). Piirieelses positsioonis on emfaatiline pikenemine esimeses vältes kestussuhtele vastav, teises ja kolmandas vältes aga suurendab seda.Abstract. Heete Sahkai, Meelis Mihkla, and Mari-Liis Kalvik: Emphasis and focus in Estonian. The paper examines the acoustic correlates of the emphatic nuclear accent that differentiates sentence-final narrow focus from broad focus in Estonian. The emphatic accent is also examined in pre-final position, where it is not affected by a prosodic boundary. The study complements a previous study testing the potential correlates of emphasis in pre-boundary context. The results show that F0-related correlates, which are not significant in final position, are partly significant pre-finally. A significant feature in both contexts is the relative intensity of the emphatic word in the clause. The study confirms lengthening as the primary correlate of emphasis and examines its realisation and interaction with the duration relations in the foot, which are the correlates of the Estonian three-way quantity distinction. The lengthening is mostly found either to correspond to the characteristic duration ratio of the quantity degree, or to increase it.Keywords: Estonian, focus, sentence stress, emphasis, duration, fundamental frequency, intensity, the Estonian quantity
Artiklis uuritakse kolme varieeruvat hääldusnähtust: välte varieerumist sõnades, mille hääldusnorm lubab nii teise- kui ka kolmandavältelist hääldust, h hääldamist sõnaalgulises positsioonis ning palatalisatsiooni ühesilbilistes sõnades pika vokaali järel asuvates konsonantides. Kirjeldatakse nähtuste uurimise ning õigekeelsusallikais normimise ajalugu, lugemiskatse koostamise põhimõtteid ja tutvustatakse esialgse akusti lise analüüsi tulemusi. 11 keelejuhi andmetel põhineva pilootuuringu käigus selgusid nii mõned puudused lugemiskatse ülesehituses ja analüüsiprotsessis kui ka esialgsed suundumused vaatluse all olevate nähtuste kohta: a) varieeruva vältega sõnade puhul on võimalik esile tuua sõnad, mida hääldatakse ülekaalukalt kas teises või kolmandas vältes; b) sõnaalgulist h-d hääldatakse ettelugemisel 95%-l juhtudest. Sõnaalgulise h kestuse analüüs kinnitas, et suurema esinemissagedusega sõnades on h kestus lühem; c) palatalisatsiooni leidub praeguses materjalis väga vähe, mõningal määral t ja d puhul pikkade tagavokaalide järel. Suurema uurimismaterjali kasutamine peaks selgitama, kas loetletud suundumused leiavad kinnitust ja kas sel juhul oleks tulemusi võimalik rakendada ka tekst-kõne sünteesi grafeem-foneem teisenduse täiustamisel.Abstract. Mari-Liis Kalvik and Liisi Piits: Reading experiment for discovering phonological variation. The article investigates articulatory and phonological variation in Estonian, focusing on three main areas of variation: quantity degrees, word-initial /h/ and palatalization in i-stemmed words with a (CC)VC structure. The pronunciation fixed in the Dictionary of Standard Estonian (ÕS 2013) is subject to variation, and the variants reflected in the dictionary are not always the ones that seem to be preferred in the usage. The goal of the article is to describe the reading experiment methodology for studying such variation as well as to introduce the pilot study based on recordings of 11 readers. The pilot study revealed that: a) words tend to be pronounced prevalently either in the long or in the overlong quantity degree; b) in 95% of the occasions the word-initial /h/ was pronounced; c) palatalization was detected only in some words where a long back vowel precedes the consonant d or t. Further study is needed to understand the actual extent and possible causes of the variation.Keywords: Estonian, orthoepy, reading experiment, phonological variation, quantity degree, palatalization, word-initial /h/
This report gives an overview of the materials in the Archive of Estonian Dialects and Finno-Ugric Languages (AEDFUL) at the Institute of the Estonian Language (IEL). The AEDFUL holds the world’s largest collection of Estonian dialect examples as well as many other materials on other Finno-Ugric languages. Materials in the AEDFUL have been collected by researchers from the IEL and the Mother Tongue Society during the 20th century. All the Estonian dialect areas as well as all of the Finnic languages are represented in written and/or recorded form. Especially large amounts of language materials have been collected for Livonian, Ingrian, and Votic. At the beginning of the 21st century when active collecting work ended, a new era began focused on digitization and making these materials publicly available. At present, electronic databases and dictionaries are available via the Internet.
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