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A biocatalyst was synthesized by immobilizing human carbonic anhydrase onto gold nanoparticles assembled over amine/thiol-functionalized mesoporous SBA-15. The physicochemical properties of the functionalized mesoporous SBA-15 were obtained by XRD, BET, FE SEM, HR TEM, EDS, and zeta potential analysis. The biocatalytic performance was studied for para-nitrophenyl acetate (p-NPA) hydrolysis. The kinetic parameters K(m) were found to be 22.35 and 27.75 mM, and K(cat)/K(m) values were 1514.09 and 1612.25 M(-1) s(-1) for HCA immobilized on gold nanoparticles assembled on amine/thiol-functionalized mesoporous SBA-15 (HCA/Au/APTES/SBA-15 and HCA/Au/MPTES/SBA-15), respectively. These HCA/Au/APTES/SBA-15 and HCA/Au/MPTES/SBA-15 were investigated for biocatalytic hydration of CO(2) and its precipitation as CaCO(3). The amount of CaCO(3) precipitated over HCA/Au/MPTES/SBA-15 was nearly the same as that precipitated over free HCA. Storage stability and reusability studies suggested that HCA/Au/MPTES/SBA-15 retained its activity even after 20 days storage at 25 °C and 20 recycling runs. The present results demonstrate that HCA/Au/MPTES/SBA-15 and HCA/Au/APTES/SBA-15 are highly efficient potential nanobiocatalysts for industrial-scale CO(2) sequestration.

The biocatalytic capture of CO2, and its precipitation as CaCO3, over bovine carbonic anhydrase (BCA) immobilized on a pore-expanded SBA-15 support was investigated. SBA-15 was synthesized using TMB as a pore expander, and the resulting porous silica was characterized by XRD, BET, IR, and FE-SEM analysis. BCA was immobilized on SBA-15 through various approaches, including covalent attachment (BCA-CA), adsorption (BCA-ADS), and cross-linked enzyme aggregation (BCA-CLEA). The effects of pH, temperature, storage stability, and reusability on the biocatalytic performance of BCA were characterized by examining para-nitrophenyl acetate (p-NPA) hydrolysis. The K cat /K m values for p-NPA hydrolysis were 740.05, 660.62, and 680.11 M−1 s−1, respectively, whereas the K cat /K m value for free BCA was 873.76 M−1 s−1. The amount of CaCO3 precipitate was measured quantitatively using an ion-selective electrode and was found to be 12.41, 11.82, or 11.28 mg CaCO3/mg for BCA-CLEA, BCA-ADS, or BCA-CA, respectively. The present results indicate that the immobilized BCA-CLEA, BCA-ADS, and BCA-CA are green materials, and are tunable, reusable, and promising biocatalysts for CO2 sequestration.

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