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A b s t r a c t A r t i c l e I n f oThe collected bovine milk samples (n= 30) were analyzed for determination of Cadmium and Lead contents. Cadmium and Lead levels were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer after wet digestion. The levels of Cadmium in all analyzed samples 30 (100%) were found to be over the permissible limit for Cadmium in liquid milk. The levels of Lead exceeded the permissible limit in 13(72.22%) and 4(33.33%) of analyzed Cow's milk and Buffalo's milk samples, respectively. The mean concentrations of Cadmium in examined cow's milk samples (n=18) were 0.3067 ± 0.0086 (mg/L) and 0.3084 ± 0.0087 (mg/L) for the examined buffalo's milk samples (n=12), while the mean concentrations of Lead were 0.0934 ± 0.0188 (mg/L) for the examined cow's milk and 0.05878 ± 0.0178(mg/L) for examined buffaloe's milk. Estimated daily intake of Cadmium was found above the permissible limits in all examined milk. Also, the estimated daily intake of Lead was found above the permissible limits in examined cow's milk, while estimated daily intake of Lead in examined buffalo's milk was found under permissible limit. Public health significance and hazardous of these heavy metals were discussed.

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Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of irrigation intervals combined with different types of fertilizers on the incidence of damping-off and charcoal-rot, percentage of fungi in rhizosphere and rhizoplane, yield and oil content of sunflower. Application of irrigation intervals combined with different types of fertilizers significantly affected incidence of diseases and density of fungi in the soil. The irrigation at 20 days intervals combined with gypsum as a fertilizer, significantly decreased incedence of damping-off and charcoal rot diseases 4.66%, and 31.66%, respectively, followed by the same irrigation treatment combined with phosphoren 5.66% and 38.31%, respectively in the two successive growing seasons 2007 and 2008. The irrigation interval treatments combined with farmyard manure stimulated the growth of some fungi in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of sunflower plants compared to other fertilizers. Meantime, gypsum as fertilizer application under the irrigation intervales conducted decreased the percentage of microorganisms in rhizosphere and rhizoplane, 42.8% and 40.8%, respectively, compared with other fertilizers. Penicillium sp. and Fusarium sp. were the dominant fungi in all tested rhizosphere and rihzoplane samples of sunflower. Also, irrigation at 20 days intervales combined with each fertilizers improved sunflower growth, yield and increased oil as well.

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