RESUMO: "Estudos farmacobotânicos comparativos e utilizações ethnopharmacológicas do "botões d'ouro" da medicina popular Argentina". As partes aéreas de seis plantas argentinas -conhecidas geralmente como "botões d'ouro" -são usadas indistintamente na medicina popular ou para obter remédios ervais e fitoterápicos. No entanto, estas entidades pertencem a três gêneros da tribo Helenieae (Asteraceae): Gaillardia, Helenium e Hymenoxys, sendo as espécies mais utilizadas Gaillardia megapotamica var. megapotamica (Spreng.) Bak.; G. megapotamica var. scabiosoides (Arn.) Bak.; G. megapotamica var. radiata (Griseb.) Bak.; Helenium donianum (Hook. & Arn.) Seckt; H. argentinum Ariza e Hymenoxys anthemoides (Juss.) Cass. Neste trabalho, foram estudadas as relações entre os táxons mencionados a partir do ponto de vista morfológico, a sua coexistência em populações naturais e suas ações farmacológicas reputadas. As suas características histológicas são descritas e ilustradas, a fim de obter uma exata identificação botânica dos produtos encontrados no mercado, de forma a garantir a sua qualidade, especialmente porque as amostras são freqüentemente já pulverizadas ou em pó.Unitermos: Medicina popular, Asteraceae, Helenieae, botões d'ouro, estudos farmacobotânicos, utilizações etnofarmacológicas. ABSTRACT:The aerial parts of six Argentinean plants -commonly known as "botones de oro"-are indistinctly used either in folk medicine or to obtain herbal remedies and phytotherapics. However, these entities belong to three different genera of the Tribe Helenieae (Asteraceae): Gaillardia, Helenium and Hymenoxys, being the most used species Gaillardia megapotamica var. megapotamica (Spreng.) Bak.; G. megapotamica var. scabiosoides (Arn.) Bak.; G. megapotamica var. radiata (Griseb.) Bak.; Helenium donianum (Hook. & Arn.) Seckt; H. argentinum Ariza and Hymenoxys anthemoides (Juss.) Cass. In this work, we studied the relationships between the mentioned taxa from the morphological point of view, their coexistence in natural populations and their reputed pharmacological actions. Their histological features are described and illustrated, in order to obtain an accurate botanical identification of the products found in the market so as to guarantee their quality, especially because the samples are often already powdered or grounded.
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