Prosopis pugionata (Fabaceae) is a halophyte tree species that grows exclusively in Argentina’s arid environments, whose woodlands are mainly affected by fires and overgrazing. Here, we describe the wood anatomy and fire wounds of P. pugionata and their relationship with plant size and bark thickness. Besides, we attempt to determine the potential of P. pugionata for dendrochronological studies in order to date fire events throughout time. We tested the hypothesis that P. pugionataforms datable fire wounds, allowing its use for dendrochronological studies. The study area is located in the arid Argentine Chaco region. Seventeen individuals, varying from 15 to 65 years of age, were randomly sampled and bole disks were taken at 0.3, 1.3 and 2.3 m high. P. pugionatais a diffuse and semi-ring-porous hardwood species with growth rings delimited by marginal parenchyma bands. The bark is longitudinally fissured, with an average thickness of 0.19 cm, and a scarce increase with age. Seventy-seven percent of the samples showed fire wounds (). We identified fire scars (70%) and marks (30%), and differentiated them by wood growth interruption in the former. Sixty-one percent of fire wounds affected less than 20% of the cambial perimeter and there were no significant effects of age, bole diameter, bole height and bark thickness on the cambial damage percentage. After cross-dating, P. pugionata showed a mean correlation value between series of 0.5, which represents an accurate potential for dendrochronological studies. Twenty wildfires were dated from 1943 to 2007 in the study area with a fire frequency of 0.40 fires/year and a mean fire interval of 2.5 years. Wildfires frequency increased from 1980 to 0.48 fires/year and a mean fire interval of 2 years. Our results indicate that P. pugionata has the potential to date fires, considering its potential for dendrochronological studies, its ability to survive recurrent fires and forms identifiable wound scars in the wood.

Arid and semiarid environments dominate the Earth's surface and are very vulnerable to global change. Chañar (Geoffroea decorticans) and brea (Parkinsonia praecox) are two ubiquitous woody species of these environments. They grow in degraded forests, strongly modified areas and as a main component of secondary forests. Despite the value of both species, little is known about their growth dynamics and their relationship with climate. The objective of this research was to determine their dendrochronological potential and the connection between growth and climate variables. Anatomical and standard dendrochronological methods were applied. First of all, we stated the anatomical characteristics that allowed us to detect tree-ring boundaries (terminal parenchyma and variation in the shape of vessels). Further, after dating and measurement of tree rings we determined significant correlation between series, which means a common growth signal among trees as a result of environmental variable effects. Trees were not older than 40 years. Mean annual radial growth was 3.37 mm (SD±0.71) and 2.16 mm (SD±0.61) for chañar and brea, respectively. Finally, chañar and brea had a negative growth-mean temperature association. Rainfall affected chañar and brea growth in summer previous to the growing season. Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) had an inverse association with growth of brea. This means, in the case of brea, a significant association with local (temperature and rainfall) and global (SOI) climate variables. These results evidenced the growth dynamics of both species and their value for dendroclimatological studies for the first time.

oeste ha intensificado la actividad ganadera en zonas semiáridas, disminuyendo la probabilidad de encontrar sitios que no estén severamente antropizados con fines productivos. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron caracterizar la composición florística y funcional del estrato herbáceo de bosques de caldén en un sitio excluido del pastoreo doméstico en los últimos 50 años, y compararla con otras dos situaciones: una, con un evento de fuego invernal y posterior exclusión del pastoreo de ganado bovino; y otra, con pastoreo rotativo. En cada uno de los tres sitios se estimó la cobertura de especies herbáceas dentro de 10 marcos de 1x1 m mediante el método de Braun-Blanquet. En primer lugar, se analizó la composición florística en cuanto a riqueza y diversidad. En segundo lugar, se realizó un análisis de NMDS para caracterizar las comunidades vegetales. Por último, se comparó la cobertura de los grupos funcionales (palatabilidad, ciclo de vida y origen) entre los sitios mediante un análisis de Kruskal-Wallis. La riqueza y la diversidad medias fueron similares en las tres condiciones, mientras que la riqueza total fue mayor en el sitio excluido. La composición florística varió entre sitios, mientras que la composición funcional resultó similar entre el sitio excluido y pastoreado. El sitio excluido al pastoreo es una oportunidad para caracterizar la vegetación local sin influencia del pastoreo por el ganado bovino, dado que se encuentran muy pocas áreas que no hayan sido explotadas con fines económicos durante un período de tiempo tan extenso.[Palabras clave: comunidad vegetal, disturbios, ganadería] A�������. Floristic and functional composition of natural grasslands in central Argentina: The effect of ca�le grazing and fire. The state and conservation of the natural resources involved in production systems is of global concern. In Argentina, the expansion of the agricultural frontier from the Humid Pampa to the west has intensified livestock activity in semi-arid areas, decreasing the probability of finding sites that are not severely anthropized for productive purposes. The objectives of this work were to characterize the floristic and functional composition of the herbaceous stratum of caldén forests in a site excluded from domestic grazing in the last 50 years and to compare it with two other situations: one, with a winter fire event and subsequent exclusion of ca�le grazing; and the other, with rotational grazing. In each of the three sites, the cover of herbaceous species within ten 1x1 m frames was estimated using the Braun-Blanquet method. First, the floristic composition was analysed in terms of richness and diversity. Secondly, an NMDS analysis was carried out to characterize the plant communities. Finally, the coverage of functional groups (palatability, life cycle and origin) was compared between sites using a Kruskal-Wallis analysis. Mean richness and diversity were similar in the three conditions, while total richness was higher in the excluded site. Floristic composition varied between sites, while funct...

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