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Adolescence is a crucial stage in human development; It is a particular form of transition between childhood and adulthood where profound physical changes occur, including neuroendocrine growth and development, psychological changes, and social changes. Objective: Identify the Protective Factors and level of self-esteem in adolescents with the absence or presence of depression. Methodology: Cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study. The teachers, administrators and parents were informed about the objective of the study, they signed the informed consent authorizing the participation of their child in the study. Results: The depressive symptomatology through the Birleson scale, indicated that 21.9% present this symptomatology. Self-esteem evaluated with the Rosenberg scale, 17.6% with low self-esteem was observed. Conclusions: The observed prevalence is above that reported at the national level.