The following study examines the characteristics of the Venezuelan emigrant population which crossed the border between T achira state (Venezuela) and La Parada, Villa del Rosario Municipality, North Santander (Colombia) between April 9th and May 6th of 2018. The data were collected through a structured survey with 14,578 respondents. Using multiple correspondence factor analysis and positioning maps, we identified three different emigrant profiles that have a single fundamental cause of emigration: the current economic situation. These three groups differ in age, education level, and marital status. Profile 3 stands out as it is formed by single, young professionals who feel uncertainty because they do not think they can have a prosperous future in Venezuela. We conclude with an acknowledgement of the current humanitarian crisis (around both food and health) in Venezuela and the need to generate inclusive migratory policies in host countries.

To examine intraspecific variability, we studied the biomass production and physiological responses of clonal replicates of the widespread perennial herb Commelina erecta L. grown under different phosphorus concentrations. Five replicates per genotype collected from a small population were exposed to 0.01 or 1.0 mmol·L–1 phosphate in a hydroponic solution and grown under natural radiation. High intraspecific variability occurred for ecologically important traits such as root, leaf, and total plant biomass, with significantly higher responses in the high phosphorus treatment. The norms of reaction for high versus low phosphorus supply often crossed, indicating that selection for different genotypes may be enhanced in some environments and reduced in others. The root phosphorus concentration and phosphorus absorption rate varied among clones. Phosphorus supply increased photosynthetic rates in all clones 15 days after the start of the experiment, but treatment differences were lost with development when significant clone variability was observed. Maximum photosynthetic rates and carboxylation efficiencies were different between clones and treatments; relative stomatal and mesophyll limitations to photosynthesis also varied among clones. Predawn photochemical efficiency remained relatively constant among treatments and clones. Commelina erecta showed a very high intraspecific variability, which is an important factor in plant survival and success.Key words: growth, norms of reaction, photosynthesis, phosphorus absorption.

Las tecnologías de información y comunicación como mediadoras de políticas públicas para la reducción de la pobreza en dos municipios fronterizos colombo-venezolanos Information and CommunicationTechnologies as mediators of public policies for the reduction of poverty in two Colombian-Venezuelan border municipalities El artículo muestra el análisis del papel de las tecnologías de información y comunicación (tiC) como mediadoras de políticas públicas dirigidas a la reducción de la pobreza en los municipios Bolívar y Villa del Rosario de la frontera colombo-venezolana; al seguir la metodología cuantitativa se halló su influencia comunicacional al proveer información, acortando la brecha digital e incitando el empoderamiento. Palabras ClaVe: Mediación, tiC, pobreza, políticas públicas, Colombia, Venezuela.The article shows an analysis of the role of the Information and Communication Technologies (ict) as mediators of public policies aimed at reducing poverty in the Bolivar and Villa del Rosario municipalities of the Colombian-Venezuelan border. When following the quantitative methodology, its communicational influence when providing information was discovered, bridging the digital gap and encouraging empowerment.

A267and 2011, accounting for 32% and 17% of the change of concentration index in the two years. CONCLUSIONS: There exist inequality in reimbursement, favoring rich. In 2006 and 2008, reimbursement rate improved the beneficial degree in lowincome group, while reimbursement rate and ceiling contribute to high income group getting more reimbursement in 2011.

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