Percutaneous Closure of the Small Patent Ductus Arteriosus with Gianturco Coils. Impact of the Optimal Patient and Coil Selection and the No Tolerance Policy for Significant Immediate Residual Leaks on Outcomes Introduction: Percutaneous occlusion of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) by non-controlled retrogade release of Gianturco coils has been frequently employed. Methods: Since January of 2001, we have applied this technique for patients with type A, D and E PDAs with < 3 mm and have not tolerated significant immediate residual leaks, implanting additional coils. In this paper we report the outcome of this approach. Results: From January 2001, 178 patients (110 females; median age and weight: 5 years and 17 kg, respectively) underwent the procedure. The mean minimal diameter of the PDA was 1.8 ± 0.6 mm (0.5 to 3.0 mm) with 157, 9 and 12 being of types A, D and E, respectively. In 3 patients, there was initial embolization with percutaneous retrieval followed by coil re-implantation in 2 (success rate: 99.4%). More than one coil was required in 32 patients with PDAs significantly larger than the remainder (2.3 ± 0.5 versus 1.6 ± 0.5 mm; p < 0.001). Immediate occlusion was observed in 160 patients with 17 (9.6%) having discrete, diffuse, low velocity residual leaks. Pulse reduction and transfusion were complications observed in 2 patients. One patient with mild residual leak was lost to RESUMO Introdução: A oclusão percutânea do canal arterial persistente (PCA) com implante retrógrado não controlado de molas de Gianturco tem sido freqüentemente empregada. Método: Desde janeiro de 2001, temos aplicado essa técnica em pacientes com canais < 3 mm, dos tipos A, D e E, e não tolerado fluxos residuais imediatos significativos, implantando outra mola. Neste artigo, descrevemos os resultados desse tipo de abordagem. Resultados: Desde janeiro de 2001, 178 pacientes (110 do sexo feminino; mediana de idade e peso: cinco anos e 17 kg, respectivamente) foram submetidos ao procedimento. A média do diâmetro mínimo do PCA foi de 1,8 ± 0,6 mm (0,5 mm a 3,0 mm), sendo 157 do tipo A, nove do tipo D e 12 do tipo E. Em três pacientes, houve embolização inicial das molas com resgate, sendo reimplantadas em dois (taxa de sucesso: 99,4%). Mais de uma mola foi utilizada em 32 (18%) pacientes, com canais significativamente maiores que os restantes (2,3 ± 0,5 mm vs. 1,6 ± 0,5 mm; p < 0,001). Oclusão imediata foi observada em 160 pacientes e 17 (9,6%) possuíam fluxo residual discreto, difuso e de baixa velocidade. Redução de pulsos e transfusão foram complicações observadas em dois pacientes. Um paciente com fluxo residual discreto não retornou. Todos os 176 pacientes, à ecocardiografia, apresentavam oclusão e nenhum apresentava distúrbios de fluxo na aorta ou na artéria pulmonar no seguimento (mediana: seis meses). Conclusão: A tolerância zero para fluxos residuais imediatos e a seleção otimizada das molas e dos
We report a case of ventricular septal rupture following chest trauma resulting from a car accident. The outcome was relatively favorable despite the extension of the anatomic lesion.
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