An epidemiological study was conducted on a population attending outpatient clinics in Manaus, Amazon, Brazil to determine the prevalences of infection by the Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar complex and by E. histolytica alone, as well as to identify the risk factors involved in transmission. The study was conducted in two phases: survey and case-control. Face-to-face interviews were carried out and faecal samples collected from 1578 individuals. Faeces were examined by optical microscopy and tested for the pathogenic E. histolytica specific antigen. Positivity to E. histolytica/E. dispar was 21.5% (340 cases). Cases were compared with 340 control samples, negative for the E. histolytica/E. dispar complex based on examination by optical microscopy. The analysis was conducted by logistic regression. The risk factors identified were: place of residence, age, ingestion of raw vegetables, quality of water consumed, number of rooms and bedrooms per house, and having other protozoan infections. Specific antigen detection tests identified 22 participants infected by E. histolytica (6.8%) among those positive for E. histolytica/E. dispar. There was a higher proportion of males among participants infected by E. histolytica than among those with E. dispar infections. The study population was asymptomatic or presented non-specific symptoms that could be attributed to amoebiasis.
In a cross-sectional study, the prevalences of intestinal parasitic infection and the associated risk factors were explored among children aged 0-10 years attending outpatient clinics in Manaus, the capital city of the north Brazilian state of Amazonas. Data indicating socio-economic level and demographic factors were collected in interviews with the accompanying parent or guardian of each child. Parasitic infections were detected by the microscopical examination of faecal samples, while nutritional status was categorized by reference to the growth curves published by the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics. The data collected were analysed in a mixed, logistic-regression model. Of the 451 children tested, 58.7% were found to have intestinal parasitic infection, the most prevalent parasites being Giardia lamblia (21.5%), Endolimax nana (17.9%), Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar (13.7%), Ascaris lumbricoides (13.5%) and Trichuris trichiura (4.9%). The prevalences of stunting, underweight and wasting among the children were 17.5%, 14.7% and 9.8%, respectively. There was no association between intestinal parasite infection and any of these indicators of malnutrition. Children whose accompanying parent/guardian was poorly educated and the elder children investigated were found to be at relatively high risk of intestinal parasitic infection (P<0.05 for each). Intestinal parasitic infections still clearly represent an important public-health problem in the northern region of Brazil.
Un titolo che spaventa alla prima lettura, anche per chi diCongressi Aniarti ne ha visti parecchi. E quel sottotitolo"come contribuire a cambiare il Paese, cosa stiamo già facendo, cosa vogliamo fare ancora"...Forte, esagerato, intrigante, veritiero e stimolante. Si continua a parlare di cambiamento in cui l'infermiere può essere parte autorevole, anche nel quotidiano. I periodi di crisi economica, sociale, civile, diventano spesso periodi di riforme o perlomeno di cambiamenti, perchè mettono in luce le inefficienze, gli sprechi, le prerogative, le inutilità del sistema che se è fardello per alcuni, per altri è funzionale al mantenimento di uno “status quoâ€. Ci si attendono risposte rapide, convincenti, spesso risolutive, ma che talvolta non tengono conto del fatto che il sistema sanitario ha a chefare con persone vulnerabili, anziane, stanche, governate dalla malattia e non dai vincoli di cassa.
l Comitato Nazionale per la Bioetica (CNB), ha pubblicato un parere il 9 dicembre 2021 intitolato "Accertamento della morte secondo il criterio cardiocircolatorio e donazione controllata: aspetti etici e giuridici. Il documento è stato prodotto a seguito di una richiesta di chiarificazione per gli aspetti bioetici emergenti, pervenuta dalla Società Italiana di Anestesia Analgesia Rianimazione e Terapia Intensiva (SIAARTI), dal Centro Nazionale Trapianti (CNT) e dalla Società Italiana Trapianti d’Organo (SITO).
La somministrazione di farmaci per via sottocutanea è una pratica molto comune nelle cure palliative per il controllo dei sintomi nel fine vita. La letteratura offre studi per lo più di tipo osservazionale dai quali emerge un ampio spettro di farmaci somministrabili per via sottocutanea nei pazienti terminali. Nella pratica clinica si somministrano per via sottocutanea molti farmaci con beneficio nel trattamento dei sintomi del fine vita ma le evidenze scientifiche sono scarse; le raccomandazioni derivano soprattutto da case report e valutazioni derivate dall’opinione degli esperti.
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