Summary This study focused on daily job crafting and explored its contextual determinants and one motivational outcome (i.e., work engagement). Job crafting was conceptualized as “seeking resources,” “seeking challenges,” and “reducing demands.” Participants were 95 employees from several organizations who completed a 5‐day diary survey. As hypothesized, we found a 3‐factor structure for the job crafting instrument, both at the general and day levels. We hypothesized and found that the combination of high day‐level work pressure and high day‐level autonomy (active jobs) was associated with higher day‐level seeking resources and lower day‐level reducing demands. Furthermore, we found that day‐level seeking challenges (but not resources) was positively associated with day‐level work engagement, whereas day‐level reducing demands was negatively associated with day‐level work engagement. Findings suggest that job crafting is a daily employee behavior with implications for management practice and future research. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region is a potent hematopoietic site within the mammalian embryo body, and the first place from which hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge. Within the complex embryonic vascular, excretory and reproductive tissues of the AGM region, the precise location of HSC development is unknown. To determine where HSCs develop, we subdissected the AGM into aorta and urogenital ridge segments and transplanted the cells into irradiated adult recipients. We demonstrate that HSCs first appear in the dorsal aorta area. Furthermore, we show that vitelline and umbilical arteries contain high frequencies of HSCs coincident with HSC appearance in the AGM. While later in development and after organ explant culture we find HSCs in the urogenital ridges, our results strongly suggest that the major arteries of the embryo are the most important sites from which definitive HSCs first emerge.

During vertebrate embryogenesis, hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) arise in the aorta-gonads-mesonephros (AGM) region. A zebrafish chemical genetic screen identified compounds that regulate blood flow as modulators of HSC formation. silent heart (sih) embryos that lack a heartbeat and blood circulation exhibited severely reduced HSCs. Blood flow modifiers exerted their effects after the onset of heartbeat; however, nitric oxide (NO) donors affected HSC induction even when treatment occurred prior to the initiation of circulation, and rescued HSCs in sih mutants. NO synthase (Nos) inhibitors and morpholino-knockdown of nos1 (nnos/enos) blocked HSC development. Embryonic transplantation assays demonstrated a cell-autonomous requirement for nos1. Nos3 (eNos) was expressed in HSCs in the murine AGM. Intrauterine Nos inhibition or Nos3 deficiency in mice resulted in the absence of hematopoietic clusters and reduced transplantable progenitors and HSCs. This work links blood flow to AGM hematopoiesis, and identifies NO as a conserved downstream regulator of HSC development.

The aim of the present study was to make a clear distinction between work and home domains in the explanation of burnout. First, a 3-factor structure of job and home demands was hypothesized, consisting of quantitative demands, emotional demands, and mental demands. Next, a model was tested that delineates how demands in both life domains are related to occupational burnout through workϪhome interference (WHI) and homeϪwork interference (HWI). In doing so, the partial mediating role of WHI and HWI was examined. Consistent with hypotheses, empirical support was found for the 3-factor structure of both job and home demands as well as for the partial mediating effects of both WHI and HWI. Job demands and home demands appeared to have a direct and indirect effect (through WHI and HWI, respectively) on burnout.

No abstract