use and low values of forecast errors. However, to this day such methods are still undergoing refinement. In article [1] the authors justify the need for adjustments in the Holt-Winters double exponential smoothing. In article [2] the authors present a selection method of parameters of model exponential smoothing, which are solved by the minimization of the problem. In [3] the authors of the most commonly used techniques for smoothing such as moving average or exponential smoothing. They specially designed weight coefficients which were employed for smoothing the forecast.Currently, forecasting models are often supported by artificial intelligence methods. In article [4] the authors applied immune algorithm for estimating the optimal coefficients of logarithm support vector regression. In [5] neural networks of the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) method was used to reduce the sensitivity to input errors. In [6] the Bayesian network was used to predict the stock price.The future of road transportation development impacts investment decisions of companies. An interesting approach to the use of forecasting in the supply chain optimization is described in [7]. The article presents the optimization of the supply chain cost by methods of integer programming. Data needed to optimize the production capacity and warehouse inventory is obtained by forecasting using the method of exponential smoothing. A lot can be found in literature on the use of forecasting in the fields of transport. A guidebook [8] has been compiled for those involved in transport planning. It provides a number of forecasting techniques.In this paper double exponential smoothing method was used to estimate the volume of freight transport. Calculations were made using Holt-Winters double exponential smoothing, but as optimization variables the a and b parameters as well as the initial values of F 1 and S 1 (Equation 1 and 2) were adopted, and optimization ABSTRACT

The scientific purpose of this paper was to analyse the problem related to intermodal transportation of mining components packed in containers or other cargo transport units coupled with the problem of its proper securing. In this article, the issue of exposing the load to the effects of inertia forces which might cause unintentional movement is presented. The methods of securing the heavy load in cargo transport units are reviewed in the context of cargo immobilisation possibilities while reducing the load sensitivity to mechanical forces. The research part of this article presents the methods of packing and securing an atypical load, which is a part of a mining machine weighing 18t. This paper presents the results of calculations of inertia forces acting on the transported cargo, packed on a container platform. Based on the results, the cross fixing method was selected to secure the cargo and further decisions were made on the type and quantity of conveyor lashings necessary for the safe and correct carriage of the atypical load.

The Jews formed the largest religious-ethnic minority group in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth; 1 it is estimated that they accounted for circa 9 per cent of the country's population in the late eighteenth century. They mostly formed part of urban populations, with a share of 40 per cent to 50 per cent among the country's burghers. The Jews played a signifi cant part in the economic life, monopolising the taproom income leaseholds in private estates, and holding a strong position in trading operations. The history of the Commonwealth's Jewry has enjoyed increasing interest in the last dozen-or-so years, yielding studies on the minority's history and culture, and on its functioning within a Christian society. 2 Yet, even if read cursorily, these studies attest that the Jews

This article examines the influence of different calendar systems on the coexistence of the Christian and Jewish population in the city of Slutsk in the early modern period. Various religious groups lived in Slutsk in present-day Belarus since the early 17th century. As a result, three different calendar systems determined the everyday life in the city: while the Gregorian calendar regulated the administration. The church year of the Orthodox majority was based on the Julian and the holidays of the Jewish residents on the Hebrew calendar. The inhabitants knew about the religious festivals of the other group, not at least because they affected the economic life of the whole city. Mutual consideration and a pragmatic approach to the various holidays enabled a largely conflict-free coexistence in everyday life. Occasional disputes are documented, when the common urban space is used for religious celebrations.