Chagas disease (CD) is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, whose transmission involves triatomine insects. However, in the Brazilian Amazon there is a predominance of oral transmission through the ingestion of food contaminated with Trypanosoma cruzi. Brazil is one of the largest endemic centers of Chagas Disease in Latin America, and this disease is associated with human actions. An ecological, crosssectional and retrospective study was designed. The number of diagnosed cases of Chagas Disease in the states of the Brazilian Amazon from 2009 to 2019 were analyzed. The North Region had 2,832 cases of CD in the period in question, corresponding to 94.3% of the total cases in the country. Pará was the state with the highest number of cases (2,251), followed by Amapá (161) and Amazonas (138). Oral transmission was the main means of transmission (76.2%), followed by vectorial (8.43%) and vertical (0.39%). In this scenario, the consumption of açaí was the factor associated with the highest number of cases in the region, since the pulp of this food can be contaminated by waste from reservoir animals or vectors. Thus, the handling of açaí must be carried out properly to prevent this public health problem. Still, it is necessary to carry out further studies in the affected regions, evaluating such preventive measures.
Hepatitis B is a chronic infection with high prevalence and morbidity and mortality worldwide, with cases progressing to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, it is immunopreventable, achieving good vaccination coverage rates when the vaccination plan is correctly used. Thus, studies are needed that correlate the vaccination status and the incidence of hepatitis B cases. The study analyzed the vaccination status in comparison with the number of notified cases of hepatitis B in the state of Pará, in the period between 2010 and 2020, from of data obtained from the DATASUS platform. In general, during the analysis period, the state of Pará was below the vaccination coverage rate set as a goal by the Ministry of Health of 95%, ranging from 100.64% to 55.54%, especially in 2020 (only 55, 54%), with an impact on the period with an increase in cases of hepatitis B, especially among women. The biggest drops in coverage rates were among children (81.63%-55.25%) and the smallest among those aged 15-19 years. It was also observed that Pará was below the disease detection rates (5.2 -1.9) when compared to the rates in the North Region (18.8 -5.5) and by the national parameter (8.4 -2.9). There are several gaps in the data obtained, such as stratification by age group and underreporting of cases, a fact more observed in the years coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic, creating an obstacle for a more accurate analysis. During the analysis period, vaccination coverage was deficient at all ages, which possibly favored the increase in the case detection rate. In addition, a higher incidence of the disease in the female public was evidenced. There is a need to update the data on the platform, as well as greater rigor in the notification and control of vaccine and disease data, in order to guarantee more appropriate health interventions, such as advertising campaigns.
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