Children from three Colombian cities have a mean total daily fluoride intake above the 'optimal range'. Health authorities should promote an appropriate use of fluoridated dentifrices discouraging the use of dentifrices containing 1500 ppm F in children younger than 6 years of age and promoting a campaign of education of parents and oral health professionals on adequate toothbrushing practices.

Objective To assess clinical studies that compare synthetic or enriched natural materials to autologous osseous grafts among individuals with cleft lip and palate to determine which would be the substitute to autologous bone graft for alveolar cleft repair in humans. Materials and methods Randomized and controlled clinical trials on alveolar clefts treated with synthetic bone substitutes and autogenous bone grafts combined with osteoinductive factors compared with autogenous bone grafts alone (with ≥4-month follow-up and reporting clinical/radiographic data) were considered eligible. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Central databases were searched for articles published until February 2020. Results Of 73 eligible articles, 15 were included. Some inductive factors along with iliac crest bone decreased bone reabsorption, preserved the generated bone height/width, and reduced the required autologous bone graft volume. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP2) as an autologous bone graft substitute, demonstrated satisfactory alveolar defect healing, by avoiding autograft use. Many materials did not yield better outcomes than did autologous grafts; however, hydroxyapatite and collagen complex, hydroxyapatite agarose composite gel, acellular dermal matrix film, fibrin glue, platelet-rich plasma, and deproteinized bovine bone showed similar bone healing outcomes, being an alternative alveolar defect treatment. Conclusions BMP2, as an osteoinductive factor along with a synthetic matrix, yields satisfactory bone healing and avoids the need for autologous bone grafts. However, high-quality RCTs are necessary to determine the most effective and safe concentration and protocol of BMP2 utilization as a substitute for the autologous iliac crest bone grafting.

Introducción: La Electromiografía-EMG de superficie evalúa la función muscular. Es poco utilizada como examen de rutina para valorar los músculos periorales y masticatorios, debido a que algunos consideran que puede ser molesto para el paciente pediátrico. Objetivo: Describir la percepción de dolor y el comportamiento en niños colombianos con y sin labio y paladar fisurado durante el examen de electromiografía de superficie en músculos periorales y masticatorios. Métodos: Previa aprobación del comité de ética (acta-009 2013p) y firma de consentimiento y asentimiento informado. Se realizó el examen en 69 niños entre 5-15 años: 45 con labio y paladar hendido (23-fisura unilateral, 22-fisura bilateral) y 24 sin hendidura. Se aplicaron las escalas de Wong Baker (Dolor) y Frankl (comportamiento). Resultados: 66 niños (95,65%) presentaron comportamiento Tipo 4 y 3 niños (4,35%) mostraron comportamiento Tipo 3 al inicio del examen. Al final del procedimiento, el 100% presentó comportamiento tipo 4. La percepción del dolor con la escala Wong Baker mostro ningún dolor en 62 niños (89,86%) y solo un poco de dolor en 7 (10,14%). Conclusiones: Los menores no manifiestan cambios importantes en su comportamiento por dolor o molestias durante el procedimiento de electromiografía de superficie.

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Interdisciplinary esthetic assessment of smiles in colombian teenagers