Two types of oestrogen-medicated intrauterine devices (IUD) were studied in ovariectomized rhesus monkeys. An oestradiol (E2) fibre-wrapped IUD that released E2 at a rate of 3.57 micrograms/cm/day, or an oestriol (E3) fibre-wrapped IUD that releases E3 at a rate of 6.4 micrograms/cm/day, was inserted in eight animals and left in place for 4 weeks. Serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), E2 and E3 were determined by radioimmunoassay for 1 week before the IUD insertion, during the time the IUD was in place, and for 3 weeks after its removal. Uterine histology was performed at the time of IUD insertion and removal by light and transmission electron microscopy. Both E2 and E3 IUDs induced similar histological changes in the uterus, i.e. four- to five-fold increase in endometrial thickness, a shift of the gland/stroma ratio from 1:4 to 1:1, transformation to a marked pseudostratified epithelium with pronounced coiling of the glands, appearance of subnuclear and luminal secretion and, finally, change from spindle-dense stromal cells to plump eosinophilic cells. Oestradiol fibre-wrapped IUDs produced circulating E2 levels of 150-200 pg/ml during the entire 4 weeks. FSH and LH levels were decreased to an average of 55% and 65% from a castration baseline (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.05, respectively). Oestriol fibre-wrapped IUDs produced circulating E3 levels of 100-250 pg/ml. However, FSH and LH levels were not altered in this group. The specific local oestrogenic effect of E3-IUDs without affecting the pituitary secretion of gonadotrophins, suggests their possible application in cases in which an exclusively oestrogenic effect at the uterine level, such as in Asherman's syndrome, is desired.
ResumenIntroducción: el envejecimiento poblacional caracteriza a las últimas décadas. En Paraguay la población mayor de 60 años constituye el 10%, con edad promedio de 70 años. La funcionalidad geriátrica es la capacidad para realizar independientemente actividades básicas de la vida. Objetivos: determinar perfil clínico epidemiológico y prevalencia de dependencia funcional en adultos mayores del Barrio San Miguel de Asunción, Paraguay. Metodología: estudio observacional, de corte transverso, descriptivo con componente analítico, realizado en adultos mayores de 65 años del Barrio San Miguel, de abril a julio del año 2014. Variables estudiadas: edad, sexo, enfermedades crónicas, síndromes geriátricos y capacidad funcional. Se utilizó el índice de Katz, la escala geriátrica de depresión de Yesavage y expedientes clínicos. Resultados: se encontró 3% de prevalencia de adultos mayores de 65 años. El perfil sociodemográfico correspondió a un adulto mayor con predominio del sexo femenino, edad media de 71,8 años, casado, con escolaridad primaria. La enfermedad crónica con mayor frecuencia fue la HTA. El 79% de los adultos mayores presentan algún síndrome geriátrico, predominando la depresión (43%). El 41% de la población estudiada presenta dependencia funcional en las actividades básicas de la vida diaria. Se encontró asociación significativa entre depresión y funcionalidad básica Conclusión: la enfermedad crónica más prevalente es la hipertensión arterial. La prevalencia de dependencia funcional y de depresión es alta en los adultos mayores. Palabras claves: valoración geriátrica, adulto mayor, dependencia funcional, índice Katz Abstract Introduction:The last decades are characterized by population aging. In Paraguay, the population older than 60 years old represents 10% with an average mean of 70 years. The geriatric functionality is the capacity to perform basic activities of life independently. Objectives: To determine the epidemiological-clinical profile and prevalence of functional dependence in the older adults from San Miguel neighborhood in Asunción, Paraguay. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional observational study with analytical component carried Rev. virtual Soc. Parag. Med. Int. setiembre 2015; 2 (2):63-69
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