As lamas de beneficiamento de rochas ornamentais (LBRO) são resíduos que apresentam composição química variada em função da composição das rochas, do processo de beneficiamento, dos processos de reaproveitamento de águas e lamas, das propriedades dos insumos, entre outros fatores. A caracterização e classificação das LBRO são de grande importância, principalmente para o Estado do Espírito Santo, por possuir um expressivo número de empresas do setor. Neste trabalho, são apresentados os resultados de caracterização e classificação de lamas de desdobramento e polimento de mármores e granitos, segundo a NBR 10004/2004. Todas as amostras de lamas de tear convencional e de politriz analisadas foram classificadas como Classe IIA. Percebeu-se que a identificação dos resíduos por fonte geradora permite a proposição de tecnologias limpas, como o uso de teares a fio diamantado que utilizam o mínimo de insumos e de pastilhas diamantadas metálicas isentas de elementos tóxicos, contribuindo para a melhoria das características químicas das LBRO.
Eng Sanit Ambient | v.22 n.5 | set/out 2017 | 889-898 RESUMOEste artigo apresenta uma análise de fatores que são desafios para os ABSTRACTThis paper presents an analysis of factors that are challenges for Reverse Logistics Systems being established in Brazil, concerning political, legal, operational and social aspects related to labor and population involvement.The results indicate the existence of a number of critical points that need to be discussed and resolved so that the objectives and targets set by sectoral agreements being signed between the Federal Government and productive sectors are feasible to be met. For this study, surveys were conducted as well as analysis of secondary data from technical reports of governmental agencies and technical reports and information provided by associations of undertakings which have already been carrying out reverse logistics on a mandatory basis, prior to the law n° 12.305/2010.
The implementation of reverse logistics systems (RLS) for post-consumer products provides environmental and economic benefits, since it increases recycling potential. However, RLS implantation and consolidation still face problems. The main shortcomings are the high costs and the low expectation of broad implementation worldwide. This paper presents two mathematical models to decide the number and the location of screening centers (SCs) and valorization centers (VCs) to implement reverse logistics of post-consumer packages, defining the optimum territorial arrangements (OTAs), allowing the inclusion of small and medium size municipalities. The paper aims to fill a gap in the literature on RLS location facilities that not only aim at revenue optimization, but also the participation of the population, the involvement of pickers and the service universalization. The results showed that implementation of VCs can lead to revenue/cost ratio higher than 100%. The results of this study can supply companies and government agencies with a global view on the parameters that influence RLS sustainability and help them make decisions about the location of these facilities and the best reverse flows with the social inclusion of pickers and serving the population of small and medium-sized municipalities.
Resumo:A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo propor uma composição de custos para implantação e operação de centrais de valorização de resíduos sólidos urbanos secos (CVR) por meio da apresentação de critérios de infraestrutura e equipamentos necessários para essas centrais, bem como avaliar áreas possíveis para implantação destas. As CVR têm a finalidade de agregar valor por meio da estocagem, processamento e beneficiamento dos materiais recicláveis (MR) provenientes de cooperativas e de associações de catadores. Com a implantação de CVR, os MR podem ser vendidos por preços maiores, aumentando o lucro para catadores. A partir da literatura existente, foram apresentados critérios de infraestrutura e equipamentos necessários para funcionamento de CVR. Foram avaliadas áreas de Estações de Transbordo (ET) do programa "ES sem Lixão" como possíveis locais de implantação das CVR e todas as ET apresentavam áreas disponíveis. Após o cálculo dos recursos financeiros a serem investidos para implantação e operação de CVR, concluiu-se que devem ser considerados os recursos ambientais poupados em função da recuperação de materiais. Palavras-chave: Resíduos sólidos urbanos. Materiais recicláveis. Centrais de valorização de resíduos sólidos urbanos secos.Abstract: The present study aimed to propose a cost composition for deployment and operation of a valuation central of municipal dry solid waste (VCSW) by presenting infrastructure criteria and necessary equipment for these plants, and to assess possible areas for implementation of the same. VCSW aims to add value through storage, processing and beneficiation of recyclable materials from cooperatives and associations of collectors. With the implementation of the VCSW the recyclable can be sold for higher prices, increasing profit for collectors. From the literature it was presented criteria infrastructure and equipment needed for VCSW operating. Areas from Transfer Stations (TS) of the program "ES sem Lixão" were assessed as possible sites for implantation of the VCSW and found that all TS would present available area. After calculating the financial resources to be invested for the implementation and operation of VCSW was concluded that should be considered environmental resources saved due to the materials recovery.
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