The Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) has a highly restricted geographic distribution, limited even within the Iberian Peninsula. The last national survey reported less than 200 remaining individuals, distributed in two isolated areasAndújar-Cardeña and Doñana-and in consequence, the Iberian lynx was listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as "Critically Endangered". In this study, we estimate the Iberian lynx population size in the Doñana area using capture-recapture analysis of cameratrapping data. A model with different capture probability for each individual (M h ) yielded an estimate of 26 Iberian lynxes (SE=5.26) more than 1 year old. It is considered that a small slant in the estimation of the number of individuals could exist due to the presence of dispersers inside the study area that were not detected. Our study shows: (1) a reduction in number since the 1980s (45 individuals), and falling below the theoretical threshold of genetic viability, (2) changes in the species' spatial distribution in this area, and (3) as for other carnivore species, photographic capture-recapture methods are applicable for estimating the size of Iberian lynx populations
There are many reports of dioecious flowering plants with positive spatial association of gender, such that males and females tend to occur at different sites. This pattern has been interpreted as demonstrating environmenal heterogeneity, the two sexes having different habitat preferences. However, it is not clear: (a) to what extent the literature reflects the greater likelihood of publishing striking positive results; and (b) whether the association of stems of like gender within habitats is caused by differences in microhabitat preference rather than by vegetative ramification. We surveyed natural populations of ten sexually heteromorphic species in southern Quebec, and found that five showed positive association and four showed no association between the genders. With one exception (Silene cucubalus) these results appeared to reflect the presence or absence of vegetative ramification. We conclude that the demonstration of spatial association cannot be used to infer the existence of microenvironmental heterogeneity except in species with no capacity for vegetative ramification. The tenth species, Silene alba, showed negative association, with an excess of neighbouring pairs of unlike gender, but we were unable to reproduce this phenomenon experimentally.
En los suelos de Chaco y Corrientes recién desmontados o bien en suelos de muchos años de agricultura sin cultivo de soja, la nodulación de esta leguminosa es deficiente. Por lo expuesto se necesitan buscar tecnologías económicamente rentables para el aumento de la infectividad de soja con Bradyrhizobium japonicum en estas situaciones problemas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar si la nodulación de plantas de soja es afectada por la inoculación del cultivo antecesor con B .japonicum. El ensayo se realizó en condiciones de invernadero, utilizando como sustrato el suelo de un lote recién desmontado ubicado en el Dorsal Agrícola Chaqueño. Se sembró maíz como antecesor. Los tratamientos fueron: 1– antecesor sin inocular– soja sin inocular; 2– antecesor sin inocular – soja inoculada; 3– antecesor inoculado– soja sin inocular; 4– antecesor inoculado – soja inoculada; 5– antecesor doble inoculación– soja sin inocular; 6– antecesor doble inoculación – soja inoculada. Luego de cincuenta días, las plantas de soja inoculadas en las que el cultivo antecesor no fue inoculado (tratamiento 2) presentaron los mayores valores de peso seco aéreo, mientras que las plantas de soja no inoculadas cuyo cultivo antecesor fue inoculado dos veces (tratamiento 5) presentaron los menores valores de peso seco aéreo y peso seco radicular. Los tratamientos inoculados en soja presentaron mayor infectividad, independientemente de la inoculación del cultivo anterior. Si bien son necesarios posteriores ensayos, en el presente trabajo la inoculación del cultivo antecesor no afectó las variables analizadas relacionadas con la nodulación de la soja.
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