This article focuses on internal and external aesthetic aspects in 12 housing estates, including terraced, row, detached and semidetached houses, and four-storey blocks of flats sold to low-income people by the public sector in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The image and appearance of housing estates and visual composition of buildings are investigated. Relationships between aesthetic aspects, resident attitudes and behavior concerning the housing environment, household characteristics and feelings about internal and external aesthetics of housing estates are further explored. Data were collected through questionnaires, structured interviews, physical measurements, observations of behavior, and physical traces. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively by means of nonparametric statistical tests. Results show, for example, that aspects associated with maintenance of dwelling facades dominate the explanations for positive external aesthetics evaluation, while aspects associated with maintenance and visual composition of facades lead the explanations for negative external aesthetics evaluation.

Resumoobjetivo deste artigo é reforçar a importância da sustentabilidade social para o projeto da habitação de interesse social e apontar recomendações projetuais que possuam o potencial de qualificar a habitação de interesse social, com base em investigações realizadas. A qualidade das soluções arquitetônicas envolvendo os aspectos estéticos e funcionais do projeto da habitação social determina a eficiência com que o projeto responde às necessidades de seus usuários. Projetos habitacionais para a população de baixa renda da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre são utilizados como objeto de estudo. A análise dos dados obtidos através de questionários, entrevistas, observações de comportamento e traços físicos e levantamentos físicos, possibilita a produção da informação necessária. Os resultados revelam a importância da consideração dos aspectos físico-espaciais para a qualidade e conseqüente sustentabilidade do projeto da habitação de interesse social. Por exemplo, as relações entre as edificações e os espaços abertos tende a afetar o uso e adequação de tais espaços e, logo, a existência de um ambiente residencial socialmente sustentável. Palavras-chave:

Abstract

The work evaluates the quality of the production of the Minha Casa Minha Vida Program in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre, from residents’ perception. First, it was investigated whether there are different spatial patterns of location for income groups 1, 2 and 3, which could generate different levels of integration. From this, it was verified whether these spatial patterns generate impacts on the conditions of access and urban mobility, as well as on the levels of satisfaction of the residents. The methodological procedures adopted include multiple methods of data collection and analysis that enabled complementarity between the data obtained. The results confirm that the production of the MCMV Program has different spatial patterns of location between groups 1, 2 and 3 and suggest that the city model produced by the MCMV Program at RMPA did not show any progress in relation to BNH's housing production, spatial patterns of location of the projects and their impacts on the conditions of mobility, access to opportunities and performance of the groups. In conclusion, the importance of assessing the impacts of the location of housing estates on the conditions of access and urban mobility is emphasized, as well as on the satisfaction of residents, in the search for the production of more qualified residential spaces.

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