The aim of this article is to analyse and assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumer credit market in the countries of the Visegrad Group (V4, i.e., the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary). There is no doubt that the pandemic has determined the amount of household debt due to consumer credit in the V4 group, and thus the question arises of how the pandemic affects the propensity of households to take out loans and the propensity to lend to them, and therefore whether it affects both the behaviour of borrowers and lenders. The study used the time series and multiple linear regression methods. The results of the study show that the Covid-19 pandemic has determined the level of household debt in the V4 group and is not indifferent to household decisions regarding taking out consumer loans. Although the research is preliminary, it has contributed to some extent to a better understanding of household indebtedness at a time of turbulence and instability resulting from health factors in V4 countries. In the future, this research will serve as the basis for future research on the phenomenon of household indebtedness in other countries.

The aim of this paper is to characterise the green bond market in the Visegrad Group of countries (V4) and to identify the determinants and benefits of issuing green bonds. The specific objective is a spatial–temporal analysis of the green bond yield in V4 countries. The following research methods were used in the paper: a source literature analysis and report analysis, statistical data analysis (from international financial markets), and the Dynamic Time Warping method (DTW). DTW comprises a class of algorithms that are used to compare both equal and unequal time series. The DTW method allows the smallest distance between two time series of different lengths to be found while allowing for the transformation over time of both series. As the method is highly efficient, it is used to provide a thorough spatial–temporal analysis of green bonds. The research process confirmed that green bonds are an instrument with potential in the global debt market. Among the most important stimulants for the issuance of green government bonds are capital mobilisation, the development of the green financial market, investor demand, and reputational benefits.

Purpose:The paper fits into the current of research of the use of SCDS spreads as a country credit risk assessment tool. The main objective of the study is to investigate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the level of credit risk, measured by SCDS spreads in selected CEE countries. The study hypothesized that Covid-19 dynamics in Hungary, Poland, Russia and Slovakia moderately contributed to the assessment of country credit risk, measured by SCDS spreads. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study uses source literature analysis and quantitative research: time series analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The time series analysis made it possible to study the dynamics and directions of changes in SCDS spreads and Covid-19. Linear regression analysis was used to investigate the correlation between SCDS spreads and the Covid-19 pandemic. Findings: The results of the research confirmed the hypothesis. Studies have shown that the strength of the correlation between SCDS spreads and Covid-19 factors (such as cases, deaths, tests or Covid-19 vaccinations) is weak.Practical Implications: The article will define the determinants of the impact of the pandemic on the credit risk assessment of selected CEE countries. These determinants include the number of test, deaths, as well as the rate of Covid-19 spread and the level of restrictions. This study will contribute to a better understanding of the credit risk assessments of selected CEE countries in health crisis context Originality/Value: Based on the analysis of the literature, a research gap was identified in terms of the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on the assessment of credit risk of selected CEE countries. This study will contribute to the knowledge on the correlation between SCDS spreads of these countries and pandemic indicator. The study also contributes to the discussion on the use of SCDS spreads to assessment credit risk during crises.

The purpose of the article/hypothesis: The main objective of the article is to examine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the value of bank deposits of monetary financial institutions (MFIs) in the V4 countries, i.e. the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary. The specific objective of this study is to investigate the situation in the market of bank deposits in the Visegrad Group countries during the Covid-19 pandemic. In relation to the adopted goals, the hypothesis was formulated that the Covid-19 pandemic determines the amount of money invested by households from bank deposits in the V4 group, but the determinants of this saving and the direction and strength of their impact are varied. Methodology: The achievement of the set objectives was based on theoretical studies and empirical research. In the theoretical studies a critical analysis of source literature was applied. Empirical research involved time series analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Results of the research:The results of the study allowed for positive verification of the hypothesis, and the study objectives were achieved. It has been shown that changes in the number of Covid-19 cases, as well as changes in the number of deaths and the number of vaccinations performed for Covid-19 in individual V4 countries translate into the propensity or aversion to deposit money in bank financial institutions. This is confirmed primarily by regression analysis, but also by time series analysis.

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