Newcastle disease is characterized by respiratory manifestations in association with nervous and/or digestive symptoms. Its prevention is done by vaccination with live attenuated (lentogenic strains) and/or killed vaccines. The lentogenic strains can lead to strong post-vaccination reaction, principally due to the presence of other pathogenic agents. Among them, Mycoplasma synoviae is worldwide important, mainly in Brazil. The dissemination of this agent in poultry flocks has been achieved due to difficulties in diagnosis and disease reproduction, virulence variations among different M.synoviae strains, and attribution of typical M.synoviae disease manifestation to other disease agents. This experimental study in SPF chicks (Gallus gallus), previously infected by M.synoviae and thereafter vaccinated against Newcastle disease, was done with the objective of evaluating M.synoviae pathogenicity through assessment of post-vaccinal respiratory reactions and serologic responses to Newcastle disease virus vaccine in the absence of environmental factors. A total of 86 three days old chicks were used, being 57 infected by eye and nostril drop, with chicken activated M. synoviae strain WVU 1853. Seven days later, 21 mycoplasma infected birds plus 29 not mycoplasma infected ones were vaccinated against Newcastle disease. As results, the not infected and vaccinated birds yielded, significantly, higher and longer lasting serologic responses to Newcastle disease vaccine virus than those infected and vaccinated. Similarly, the infected and vaccinated birds yielded lower serologic reactions to M.synoviae than those only mycoplasma infected. No post-vaccinal respiratory reaction was observed in the vaccinated birds.
This work was conducted on rats in two premises located in Niterói and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. One is classified as conventional controlled and the other, conventional. The objective of the present study was to detect the presence of Mycoplasma pulmonis in animals with symptoms of respiratory disease and low reproductive performance. In the conventional controlled premises, 16 rats of Wistar-Furth strain were necropsied while in the conventional premises necropsy was performed on 12 rats of Hooded Lister strain. The clinical samples of lungs, trachea, oropharynx, middle ear, uterus and ovaries were subjected to culturing while the sera were tested for antibody detection. From 28 rats, 57.14% (16/28) were culture positive for M. pulmonis, being 81.25% (13/16) from the conventional controlled premises, and 25.00% (3/12) from the conventional premises. The ELISA test was carried out in 20 animals of both colonies. In the conventional controlled premises, 92.86% (13/14) were positive for M. pulmonis, and 7.14% (1/14) were suspicious, while in the conventional premises, 100% (6/6) of the samples were positive. The results confirmed that M. pulmonis was the etiologic agent of the disease that affected the rats under study, and that the ELISA positivity rated higher than culture.
Envolvimento de micoplasmas em vacas com distúrbios reprodutivos Mycoplasmas involvement in cows with reproductive disorders Maria da Graça Fichel do Nascimento 1 , Flora Helena de Freitas D'Angelis 2 , Elmiro Rosendo do Nascimento 3 & Osvaldo de Almeida Resende 4 RESUMO Microrganismos pertencentes ao gênero Mycoplasma têm sido isolados do trato genital e de sêmem bovino, podendo expressar patogenicidade ou não. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a presença de Mycoplasma spp., e comparar com o diagnóstico de três importantes doenças da reprodução, em 14 vacas que apresentavam distúrbios reprodutivos. Foram coletadas amostras de muco vaginal de cada animal, usando-se solução salina tamponada a 0,85% para as coletas, transferindo-se alíquotas simultaneamente para o meio de Hayflick modificado, para isolamento de Mycoplasma spp., e para o meio de Lactopep para diagnóstico da Tricomonose bovina. Também foram coletadas amostras para pesquisa de anticorpos: de muco vaginal em tampão de gaze para a prova de muco aglutinação lenta, para o diagnóstico de Campilobacteriose e amostras de sangue para o teste de soroaglutinação em placa, para o diagnóstico de Brucelose. Das 14 amostras examinadas, oito (57,1%) foram positivas para Mycoplasma spp., e todas (100%) foram negativas para Brucelose, Tricomonose e Campilobacteriose, principais doenças da reprodução, registrando-se a ocorrência de microrganismos do gênero Mycoplasma no trato genital de vacas com problemas reprodutivos, sugerindo-se seus envolvimentos como patógenos.
Neste trabalho de revisão de literatura foram relatados os aspectos evolutivos do hambúrguer (desde sua origem), destacando-se o consumo "per capita" de carne, seu crescimento comercial e consumo contínuos. Foram também abordados os fatores que influenciam a microbiota do hambúrguer e os padrões microbiológicos estabelecidos para o produto pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Adicionalmente, discutiu-se o emprego da Contagem Total de Bactérias Mesófilas (CTP) como ferramenta de detecção da qualidade microbiológica em carnes e hambúrgueres e sua exclusão da legislação brasileira. Sugere-se a inclusão de CTP nos padrões adotados para hambúrgueres crus, visando diminuir a carga microbiológica do produto. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: HAMBÚRGUER; CARNE -QUALIDADE MICROBIOLÓGICA; CTP. INTRODUÇÃOOs aspectos relacionados com a excelente qualidade nutricional da carne bovina são bem conhecidos. Porém, conforme discutido por PRADO et al. (2004), o problema com a carne bovina envolve seu elevado teor de ácidos graxos saturados e baixo teor de insaturados. Algumas perspectivas para redução dos ácidos graxos saturados na carne são mencionadas e propostas para o futuro, utilizando cruzamento de raças e suplementações alimentares (PRADO et al. 2004). Mesmo assim,
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