ARTIGO DE REVISÃORESUMO | Introdução: O absenteísmo-doença no serviço público afeta a entrega de serviços essenciais aos cidadãos e onera os cofres públicos devido à interrupção da prestação do serviço ou às despesas para a reabilitação do servidor. Objetivo: Analisar estudos nacionais sobre o absenteísmo-doença no serviço público e as estratégias propostas para prevenção contra doenças e reabilitação do servidor público. Método: revisão integrativa, nas bases de dados eletrônicas LILACS e SciELO. Resultados: Oito artigos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Houve predomínio de doenças osteomusculares (DOM) e transtornos mentais e comportamentais (TMC), evidenciados em servidores das áreas da saúde e da educação, com as características principais: sexo feminino, acima dos 40 anos de idade, com tempo de duração da licença aumentando proporcionalmente ao tempo de carreira. Discussão: Por trabalharem em ocupações assistenciais, que envolvem contato direto com usuários, esses profissionais tendem a apresentar elevado nível de desgastes osteomusculares e psíquicos. A alta demanda e precariedade no setor público colabora para a vulnerabilidade do servidor. As estraté-gias ressaltam a importância do protagonismo do trabalhador para a evolução do seu processo de saúde. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se o absenteísmo-doença como potencial indicador das condições de adoecimento e de trabalho, além da necessidade de estratégias de prevenção e reabilitação em políticas de saúde do trabalhador voltadas ao servidor público. Palavras-chave | absenteísmo; setor público; licença médica. ABSTRACT | Background:Sickness absenteeism involving civil servants impairs the delivery of essential services to citizens and burdens the public coffers as a function of the interruption of services or of the expenses posed by the rehabilitation of employees. Objective: To analyze Brazilian studies on sickness absenteeism within the public service, as well as strategies suggested for prevention and for rehabilitation of civil servants. Method: Integrative review of studies located in electronic databases LILACS and SciELO. Results: Eight articles met the inclusion criteria. Musculoskeletal and mental and behavioral disorders predominated, affecting health and education workers, with the following main characteristics: female sex and age above 40; the duration of sick leaves increased together with longer length of work. Discussion: As their job involves provision of assistance, involving direct contact with service users, civil servants tend to exhibit high levels of musculoskeletal and mental wear. High demands and the precariousness of public service work contribute to the employees' vulnerability. The suggested strategies stress the relevance of the workers' agency for the development of their health process. Conclusion: Sickness absenteeism represents a potential indicator of illness and work conditions. Prevention and rehabilitation strategies are needed in policies on workers' health targeting civil servants.
Introdução: a Odontologia Hospitalar é aquela exercida dentro de um ambiente hospitalar visando à inclusão do Cd na equipe multidisciplinar com o objetivo de participar do processo de cura e melhora da qualidade de vida, independentemente do tipo de doença que acomete o paciente. Objetivo: revisar os protocolos de atendimento a pacientes hospitalizados já publicados. A partir dessa revisão, será proposto um protocolo de atuação da Odontologia junto aos serviços de saúde, dentro de uma rotina de inspeção clínica e cuidados preventivos aos pacientes internados, por meio da instituição de um protocolo de atendimento às enfermarias, setor de doenças infecto-parasitárias, maternidade, centros de terapia intensiva e unidades coronarianas. Materiais e métodos: será realizada uma estratégia de busca detalhada para os bancos de dados pesquisados: PubMed, ISI, Bireme, Scielo, Cochrane, Dentistry Oral Science. A partir dessa revisão, os dados serão organizados e será apresentada uma proposta de protocolo de atendimento a pacientes hospitalizados. Resultados: foram encontrados poucos artigos e protocolos de atendimento ao paciente hospitalizado publicados, portanto os autores sugerem o protocolo da tabela 1, que poderá auxiliar o CD na prática da Odontologia Hospitalar. Conclusão: a odontologia precisa atuar em uma Equipe de Saúde em que os profissionais estejam conscientes de que as diferentes especialidades devem se inter-relacionar para o tratamento integral do paciente que se encontra em ambiente hospitalar.
Tuberculosis was investigated regarding its clinical presentation, treatment outcome and sociodemographic profile among HIV patients attended at a referral center in Mato Grosso do Sul, in 2003-2005. Sixty-six medical files on patients over 14 years of age and data from the Brazilian National Information System for Notifiable Diseases relating to tuberculosis and from the Mortality Information System were analyzed. Most of the patients were male, white, of low schooling level and from urban areas. Increased extrapulmonary clinical presentation was found and it correlated with the degree of immunological competence. The main reasons for ceasing treatment were cure (reached after longer-than-expected follow-up) and death (of six patients at the beginning of the tuberculosis treatment). Information gaps were found in the tuberculosis notification records and medical files. The study revealed the need for early diagnosis of tuberculosis among HIV-positive patients, improvements in medical records and follow-up beyond the recommended duration, because of changes to the clinical evolution of tuberculosis in cases of comorbidity with HIV.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of oral chlorhexidine hygiene with toothbrushing on the rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a mixed population of critically ill patients under prolonged mechanical ventilation. MethodsProspective, randomized, and placebo-controlled pilot study. Patients who were receiving mechanical ventilation, had been admitted less than 24 hours prior, and were anticipated to require mechanical ventilation for more than 72 hours were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into one of the following groups: chlorhexidine hygiene with toothbrushing or a placebo group (gel with the same color and consistency and toothbrushing). ResultsThe planned interim analysis was conducted using 52 patients, and the study was terminated prematurely. In total, 28 patients were included in the chlorhexidine / toothbrushing group, and 24 patients were included in the placebo group. Ventilator-associated pneumonia occurred in 45.8% of the placebo group and in 64.3% of the chlorhexidine hygiene with toothbrushing group (RR=1.4; 95% CI=0.83-2.34; p=0.29). ConclusionBecause the study was terminated due to futility, it was not possible to evaluate the impact of oral hygiene using 2% chlorhexidine and toothbrushing on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in this heterogeneous population of critical patients receiving long-term mechanical ventilation, and no beneficial effect was observed for this intervention.
Resumo O processo de formação dos profissionais da saúde constitui um desafio a gestores e educadores devido à complexidade de estimular ao mesmo tempo habilidades profissionais, interpessoais e humanísticas do aluno. Os programas de Residências Multiprofissionais em
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