RESUMO -Sementes de soja, sobretudo em Mato Grosso, região dos cerrados, tem apresentado cotilédones com degradação parcial de clorofila. A conseqüência direta desse fenômeno é o descarte de muitos lotes, resultado de sua baixa qualidade. Com o objetivo de averiguar a influência exercida pela clorofila na qualidade fisiológica em sementes de soja foi desenvolvido este estudo. Foram utilizados dois lotes comerciais (A e B) da cultivar MG/BR46-Conquista, ciclo precoce com 11,8% e 37,4%, de sementes esverdeadas, segmentados em três amostras: sementes sem manipulação (lote original), sementes esverdeadas e sementes amarelas. Cada amostra consistiu de um tratamento. Através dos testes de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado (24 horas), tetrazólio, comprimento de plântula, massa de mil sementes, condutividade elétrica e emergência em campo foi realizada a avaliação da qualidade das sementes, no momento de semeadura. As sementes esverdeadas apresentaram menor germinação, viabilidade e vigor, maiores desuniformidade de plântulas, taxa de deterioração e quantidade de lixiviados, menores comprimento de plântulas e peso de mil sementes e baixa capacidade de emergência em campo, indiferente ao índice porcentual de cotilédones com pigmentação verde, porém, o prejuízo foi maior no lote B, com 37,4% de sementes esverdeadas. Pode-se inferir que clorofila é indicativo de redução do potencial fisiológico em sementes de soja.Termos para indexação: Glycine max, cotilédones esverdeados, senescência, deterioração, clorofila. GREEN SOYBEAN SEED AND EFFECTS ON ITS PHYSIOLOGICAL POTENTIALABSTRACT -Soybean seed, mainly from the state of Mato Grosso, savannah (cerrado) region, has presented cotyledons with partial degradation of chlorophyll. The consequence of this phenomenon has been the discard of many seed lots, as result of their low quality. This study was developed with the objective of investigating the influence played by chlorophyll, over the physiological quality of soybean seed. Two commercial seed lots (A and B) of the cultivar MG/ BR46-Conquista, early maturing cycle, with 11,8% and 37,4% of green seeds, respectively were segmented into three samples: original seed, green seed and yellow seed. Each sample composed one treatment. Seed quality evaluation was determined by the germination test, accelerated aging (24 hours), tetrazolium test, seedling and radicle length, weight of a thousand seeds, electric conductivity, field emergence, all test performed at the time of planting. Green seed presented lower germination, viability and vigor, and a lower level of uniformity between the seedlings, a faster rate of deterioration, higher quantity of leachate, shorter plant length, lower one thousand seed weight, and a lower germination capacity in the field, independent of the quantity of the percentage of cotyledons with green pigmentation. However these losses were higher in the lot with 37.4% green seed. It can be concluded that chlorophyll is an indication of reduction of the physiological potential in soybean seeds.
A utilização de sementes com alto potencial fisiológico é de grande importância para agricultores, pois está, diretamente, relacionada à alta produtividade. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o desempenho de sementes de soja (cultivar CD 2737 RR) produzidas a partir de lotes com alta e baixa germinação, bem como a eficiência da análise computadorizada, pelos programas Seed Vigor Imaging System (SVIS®) e Tomato Analyzer, para identificar alterações no formato das sementes colhidas e associá-las com a germinação. As variáveis analisadas foram: altura de planta, número de vagens por planta, número de sementes por planta, grau de umidade, massa de mil sementes e produtividade. Na avaliação do vigor, utilizando-se o programa SVIS®, foram determinados o comprimento das plântulas e os índices de crescimento, uniformidade e vigor. A avaliação da morfologia das sementes pelo programa Tomato Analyzer foi realizada a partir de imagens radiográficas das sementes. Concluiu-se que a maior produtividade e o maior potencial fisiológico de sementes foram obtidos de lotes com alta germinação, em comparação com lotes de baixa germinação, em condições de casa-de-vegetação. O SVIS® mostrou-se eficiente para identificar diferenças de vigor entre os lotes e o Tomato Analyzer, por meio dos parâmetros Fruit Shape Index External 2 e Circular, para identificar, com rapidez e precisão, sementes com formato irregular, associado à baixa germinação.
RESUMO -Dentre as doenças que incidem sobre o algodoeiro, o "tombamento" é considerado uma das principais, sendo causado por um complexo de fungos de solo e da semente, os quais, ocorrendo separadamente ou em combinação, podem ocasionar o tombamento de pré e pós-emergência das plântulas. COTTONSEEDS TREATMENT WITH FUNGICIDES FOR THE CONTROL OF SEEDLING DAMPING-OFF PATHOGENSABSTRACT -The cotton seedling damping-off is a worldwide problem caused by a complex of soil-borne and seed-borne fungi, occurring separately or in combination, and cause pre-or postemergence damping-off. The main etiological agents causing the damping-off are Rhizoctonia solani Khun, Colletotrichum gossypii South and Colletotrichum gossypii var. cephalosporioides. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of many fungicides that have been used on the treatment of cottonseeds to control pathogens associated with seeds and/or presents in the soil. Cottonseeds free of pathogens, inoculated and non-inoculated with Colletotrichum gossypii var. cephalosporioides (Cgc), were treated with tolylfluanid + pencycuron + triadimenol; carboxin + thiram and fluazinam + thiophanate methyl. On the Growing on Test, the non-treated seeds inoculated with Cgc showed a lower level of emergence. The higher level of emergence occurred on non-inoculated seeds treated with tolylfluanid + pencycuron + triadimenol. The most efficient treatment in the control of post-
Métodos de homogeneização e obtenção de amostras de trabalho em laboratório de análise de sementes causam danos a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja? Do methods of homogenization and obtaining work samples in a seed analysis laboratory damage the physiological quality of soybean seeds?
Production and use of high quality seeds are essential for the soybean crop. Thus, the quality control system in seeds industry must be reliable, precise, and fast. Tetrazolium test evaluates not only seeds viability but also their vigor, as well as provides information concerning agents that cause their quality reduction. Although this test does not use expensive devices and reagents, it requires a well-trained analyst. Its precision depends on knowledge of all techniques and required procedures. Besides, also necessary is the observer’s subjectivity. So, this trial aimed at developing a computational tool that could minimize the implicit subjectivity in carrying out this test. It also contributes to generate a greater credibility of information and to guarantee precise answers. Algorithms of supervised classification were applied based on extraction of digital images characterization of tetrazolium test. This procedure aimed at producing pixel-based segmentation of those images, to produce a digital segmented image of tetrazolium test according to damage classes. This tool allows, based on image of tetrazolium test, to identify damage on soybean embryos, as well as its site and extension on tissues, so that the interpretation is less subjective. The applied method allowed identifying damage on images of tetrazolium tests in a straightforward way, as well as extracting safer information about those damages and carrying out management control of tetrazolium test according to a seed data file.
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