This paper focuses on the contexts with bell-beaker ceramics of the North of Portugal / Douro basin and compares them with neighboring regions, particularly with Galicia, covering the end the whole Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. After presenting a brief historiography of the studies in this region, it critically approaches the set of archaeological sites, emphasizing those with absolute dates and well preserved stratigraphies. Among them, it stands out the Crasto de Palheiros monumental enclosure because its bell-beaker ceramics have never been completely published and it is the archaeological site in northern Portugal that has yielded the largest number of sherds and vessels. Also, the quality of information obtained in the excavation allows to relate the campaniform contexts with the biography of the site. The paper also outlines the synthesis of this region, in relation to neighboring Galicia. In the discussion, it concludes the long duration of use of bell-beaker ceramics (from 2800/2700 to 1900/1800 BC) and, insofar as it also develops formal and decorative stylistics, raises interpretative hypotheses concerning the plurality of social functions that, in this long chronology, classical bell-beaker ceramics and local styles would have played in each local or regional context.Keywords: Northwest of Iberian Peninsula; Crasto de Palheiros bell-beaker; local and regional ceramic stylistics. RESUMOEste texto incide nos contextos com campaniforme do norte de Portugal/ bacia do Douro e compara-os com regiões vizinhas, particularmente com a Galiza, pelo que, em suma, versa sobre todo o noroeste da Península Ibérica. Após expor uma curta historiografia dos estudos nesta região, aborda criticamente o conjunto de sítios, dando enfâse aos que tem datas absolutas e estratigrafias bem conservadas. De entre estes destacou o Recinto Monumental Crasto de Palheiros quer devido ao facto de o conjunto das suas cerâmicas nunca ter sido publicado na sua totalidade, quer porque é esta a estação do norte de Portugal que revela tanto o maior número de fragmentos como de recipientes, como ainda pela qualidade de informação obtida na escavação a qual permite relacionar os contextos campaniformes com a biografia do sítio arqueológico. Traça ainda o quadro de síntese sobre esta região, em conexão com a vizinha Galiza. Na discussão conclui pela longa duração de uso de cerâmicas campaniformes (c. de 2800/2700 a 1900/1800 AC) e, na medida em que desenvolve também a estilística formal e decorativa dos recipientes, levanta hipóteses interpretativas relativas à pluralidade de funções sociais que, nesta longa cronologia, a cerâmica campaniforme clássica e os estilos locais teriam cumprido em cada contexto local ou regional.Palavras-chave: Noroeste da Península Ibérica; Crasto de Palheiros; Campaniforme; Estilísticas locais e regionais. Sanches, Maria de Jesus; Barbosa, Maria Helena, Campaniforme no Norte de Portugal. Perspectivas interpretativas instigadas pela leitura de dados recentes,
The multidisciplinary study carried out at Crasto de Palheiros testifies to the local/regional importance of this site from the 3rd to the 1st millennium BC (Chalcolithic-Iron Age). Emphasis is on the overall picture obtained rather than on the specific data from each discipline. Food production is based on plant husbandry (wheat, barley, millet) and animal husbandry (cattle, goat/sheep and pig). Importance is given to the transformation of raw food into meals, based on the evidence from the material culture identified. A great level of continuity appears to have existed in the site from the 3rd to the 1st millennium in terms of consumed food products; however deep differences are noticed concerning their cultural integration. Crasto de Palheiros (Murça, NE Portugal, 3rd - 1st millennium BC): from archaeological remains to ordinary life - O estudo multidisciplinar desenvolvido no Crasto de Palheiros testemunha a importância local e regional deste sítio arqueológico desde o 3º ao 1º milenio AC (Calcolítico-Idade do Ferro). A ênfase é colocada no quadro geral obtido mais do que nos dados específicos de cada disciplina. A produção de alimentos é baseada no cultivo de plantas (trigo, cevada, milho) e criação de animais domésticos (bovinos, caprinos e suínos). Com base na evidência da cultura material identificada, é dada importância à transformação de alimentos crus em refeições. Do 3 º ao 1 º milénio, e em termos de produtos alimentares consumidos, parece ter existido no local uma acentuada continuidade; porém, notam-se diferenças profundas no que respeita à sua integração cultural.
The present text aims to make known a schist artefact engraved with abstract motifs according to a palaeolithic style. The artefact, deposited in the Natural History and Science Museum of the University of Porto (MHNC-UP), is from Freixiosa in Miranda do Douro county. Our aim is to describe and contextualize it in the scope of the regional rock and portable art dated from the ends of the Upper Palaeolithic to the Epipalaeolithic and also to establish possible connections to other Iberian areas as, for example, the Cantabria.
The Foz do Tua Rockshelter is located in river Douro hidrographic basin. The rockshelter use, during prehistory, occurs according to a long-term chronology, which goes from 30 000/ 20 000 BP to 4 000 BP. There are also Contemporary engravings. Within Foz do Tua Rockshelter we can count at about half a hundred of engraved and painted panels according to various techniques and compositions. The present paper exposes the investigation that has been made in Foz do Tua, describes its iconography and discusses the chronology of its panels/ motifs, based on the regional archaeological data available for Prehistory and Rock art of the northwest Iberia. Keywords: Palaeolithic rock art; post-Palaeolithic rock art: devil claw engravings; gesture and engraving; NW of Iberia.RESUMO O abrigo da Foz do Tua, situado na bacia hidrográfica do rio Douro, acusa uma inusitada longa duração pré-histórica entre, aproximadamente, 30 000/ 20 000 BP e 4 000 BP, contando ainda com gravuras de Época contemporânea. Identificaram-se neste abrigo cerca de meia centena de painéis gravados e pintados segundo diversas técnicas e organizações internas. Este texto expõe a investigação ali realizada, descreve a iconografia bem como os painéis mais representativos e defende, discutindo, propostas cronológicas e interpretativas para os diferentes painéis/ motivos, baseando-se na documentação arqueológica publicada sobre a Pré-história, e em particular sobre arte rupestre no NW da Península Ibérica. Palavras-chave: arte rupestre paleolítica e pós-paleolítica; gravuras do tipo unhada do diabo; gesto e gravura rupestre; NW da Península Ibérica.
This text presents a synthesis of what is known of Palaeolithic rock art in Portugal. We observe, in Portugal, a great graphic homogeneity in pre-Magdalenian rock art and considerable differences between the southern and northern rock art during the Magdalenian. However, during the Pleistocene/Holocene transition, we recognize a new process of homogenization of Portuguese rock art. This evolution is, nevertheless, perfectly explained when we take into account the wider Iberian context of Upper Palaeolithic rock art.
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