Purpose A new Iberian Konservat-Lagerstätte discovered in Tresjuncos (Cuenca, Spain) is described and interpreted based on geological and paleontological information.Methods The samples were studied using conventional mineralogical (powder X-ray diffraction), petrographic (optical and scanning electron microscopy) and geochemical (X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometry) techniques.Results Based upon geological context, stratigraphy, lithology, sedimentology and origin of the rocks, we describe and interpret the new fossil site as originated in a lacustrine environment. The micromammals found in the Tresjuncos 1 outcrop suggest that the main site is Turolian in age (uppermost Miocene), continental chronological unit MN13. The fossils are preserved in laminates comprising rhythmic, millimeterscale alternations of diatomites and calcareous diatomites. An analysis of the lake paleobiota includes amphibians, crustaceans, insects, plants, and diatoms. The diatoms are dominated by Cyclotella iris. The whole assemblage is indicative of a planktic community developed in somewhat alkaline waters. An extremely well preserved premetamorphic Pelobates (Pelobatidae) tadpole was discovered; it is remarkable because of its gigantic size. Its digestive tract predominantly contains the rare diatom Navicula halionata var directa, likely associated with the shore vegetation in which it presumably lived and fed. The arthropods form a typical lacustrine aquatic assemblage, lacking fish. This assemblage is made up of small filtering crustaceans and of both predator and non-predator insects of diverse sizes. This is the manuscript version of / Postprint del artículo: Journal of Iberian Geology 43(3): 395-411 (2017) This manuscript version is made available under the license / Permitido su uso bajo licencia: http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ConclusionsThe available evidence on Tresjuncos shows the extraordinary potential for paleontological information that can be expected from this new Konservat-Lagerstätte, which constitutes a significant finding that improves our understanding of continental late Miocene Mediterranean environments.Keywords Diatomites, Lacustrine, Tadpole, Arthropods, Micromammals, Turolian ResumenPropósito Se describe e interpreta un nuevo Konservat-Lagerstätte Ibérico descubierto en Tresjuncos (Cuenca, España) a partir de información geológica y paleontológica.Métodos Las muestras se han estudiado utilizando metodologías convencionales mineralógicas (difracción de rayos X) petrográficas (microscopía óptica y electrónica) y geoquímicas (Espectrometría de energía dispersiva de rayos X).Resultados Basados en el contexto geológico, estratigrafía, litología, sedimentología y origen de las rocas, describimos e interpretamos la nueva localidad fósil como originada en un ambiente lacustre. Los micromammíferos encontrados en el afloramiento de Tresjuncos 1 sugieren una edad Turoliense (Mioceno superior), unidad cronológica continental MN13. Los fósiles se conservan en laminaciones que comprenden alternancia...
Se estudian silcretas, calcretas/calizas palustres y niveles arcillosos de zonas continentales superficiales con objeto de caracterizar la mineralogía de las arcillas fibrosas, su composición química y las condiciones de formación. La caracterización mineralógica, petrológica y geoquímica se realiza con difracción de Rayos X (DRX), microscopía óptica, microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB) y de transmisión (MET) que llevan asociados espectrómetros de energías dispersivas (EDS). En los niveles arcillosos puros y en los encostramientos siliceos las arcillas fibrosas son paligorskita y sepiolita, mientras que en las calcretas/calizas palustres normalmente solo aparece paligorskita. Ambas arcillas presentan anomalías en su composición, siendo las sepiolitas más ricas en Al que lo usual y las paligorskitas más magnésicas. En los niveles arcillosos la presencia de vestigios de esmectitas puede indicar que los minerales fibrosos resultan de ellas por disolución y posterior precipitación, mientras que en los encostramientos, la ausencia de esmectitas, puede indicar que se forman directamente a partir de fluidos intersticiales. En las calcretas/calizas palustres parte de la paligorskita es posterior a la calcita y su proceso de formación estaría favorecido por procesos de disolución de la calcita dentro de la calcreta /caliza palustre. Las silcretas están formadas por un proceso de silicificación de las calcretas/calizas palustres. La paligorskita es un relicto de la roca original, mientras que la sepiolita es un mineral neoformado junto con el ópalo durante el proceso de silicificación, o algo después, durante el envejecimiento de un gel sílico-magnesiano. Palabras clave: Sepiolita, paligorskita, silicificación, ambiente superficial, geles siliceos. Uncommon fibrous-clays in duricrust and near surface sediments: features and genesis (Esquivias, Madrid basin)Mineralogy, chemical composition and textures of silcretes, calcretes/palustrine limestones and argillaceous beds are studied to consider the features and the genesis of fibrous-clay minerals. The mineralogy, petrology and geochemical studies were carried out by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, and, scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy with dispersive analysis (EDS). Sepiolite and palygorskite were found in the argillaceous beds and silcretes while only palygorskite was found in the calcretes/palustrine limestones. The chemical compositions of sepiolite and palygorskite are anomalous. The sepiolite shows Mg/Al relations lower than the standard, and the palygorskite higher than standard. Smectites occurs in the argillaceous beds, and the dissolution of these smectites can generate appropriated cations for the formation of sepiolite and palygorskite. The absence of smectites in the silcretes and calcretes/palustrine limestones could suggest that the fibrous clay minerals were formed by direct precipitation from interstitial water of these rocks. Part of the palygorskite included in the calcretes/palustrine limestones formed latter than calc...
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