Introduction: Duodenal stump fistula (DSF) after gastrectomy has a low incidence but a high morbidity and mortality, and is therefore one of the most aggressive and feared complications of this procedure. Material and methods:We retrospectively evaluated all DSF occurred at our hospital after carrying out a gastrectomy for gastric cancer, between January 1997 and December 2014. We analyzed demographic, oncologic, and surgical variables, and the evolution in terms of morbidity, mortality and hospital stay.Results: In the period covered in this study, we performed 666 gastrectomies and observed DSF in 13 patients (1.95%). In 8 of the 13 patients (61.5%) surgery was the treatment of choice and in 5 cases (38.5%) conservative treatment was carried out.Postoperative mortality associated with DSF was 46.2% (6 cases). In the surgical group, 3 patients developed severe sepsis with multiple organ failure, 2 patients presented a major hematemesis which required endoscopic haemostasis, 1 patient had an evisceration and another presented a subphrenic abscess requiring percutaneous drainage. Six patients (75%) died despite surgery, with 3 deaths in the first 24 hours of postoperative care. The 2 patients who survived after the second surgical procedure had a hospital stay of 45 and 84 days respectively. In the conservative treatment group the cure rate was 100% with no significant complications and an average postoperative hospital stay of 39.5 days (range, 26-65 days).Conclusion: FMD is an unusual complication but it is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. In our experience, conservative management has shown better results compared with surgical treatment.

Introduction: Leiomyomas are the most common benign tumors of the esophagus. Although classically surgical enucleation through thoracotomy or laparotomy has been widely accepted as treatment of choice, development of endoscopic and minimally invasive procedures has completely changed the surgical management of these tumors. Material and methods:We performed a retrospective review of all esophageal leiomyoma operated at Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (Madrid, Spain) between January 1986 and December 2014, analyzing patients' demographic data, symptomatology, tumor size and location, diagnostic tests, surgical data, complications and postoperative stay.Results: Thirteen patients were found within that period, 8 men and 5 women, with a mean age of 53.62 years (range 35-70 years). Surgical enucleation was achieved in all patients. In 8 cases (61.54%) a thoracic approach was performed (4 thoracotomies and 4 thoracoscopies), and in 5 cases (38.56%) an abdominal approach was performed (3 laparotomies and 2 laparoscopies); enucleation was carried out through a minimally invasive approach in 6 patients (46.15%). There were no cases of endoscopic resection alone. Surgery mean length was 174.38 minutes (range 70-270 minutes) and median postoperative stay was 6.5 days (range 2-27 days). There was neither mortality nor cases of intraoperative complications were described. No postoperative major complications were reported; however one patient presented important pain in his right hemithorax that required management and long term follow-up by the Pain Management Unit. With a mean follow-up of 165.57 months (median 170; range 29-336 months) no recurrences were reported.Conclusion: Enucleation is the treatment of choice for the majority of esophageal leiomyomas. In our experience, duration of the surgical procedure through minimally invasive approach was longer than surgery through open approach; however, postoperative stay was shorter in the first group. Paradoxically, incision pain after surgery (thoracic neuralgia) was found to be higher in the minimally invasive approach group. Nevertheless, none of the results obtained in the study reached statistical significance, probably due to the small simple size.

Resumen: La hipertrofia maseterina es una condición benigna que puede manifestarse en forma bilateral o unilateral. Presenta como principal problema el componente estético. Se han planteado diversos tratamientos, siendo la alternativa quirúrgica la más radical y predecible. Se presenta el caso de una adolescente de 15 años que presentó hipertrofia maseterina unilateral, la cual fue tratada en forma quirúrgica y fue controlada durante 6 años sin recidivas. IntroducciónLa hipertrofia maseterina es una condición benigna que se puede presentar uni o bilateralmente de forma asintomá-tica, a la cual se le ha asignado una etiología poco clara, pero que se le ha atribuido a las condiciones funcionales del individuo. En la mayoría de los casos, el motivo de consulta es estético, en donde además del aumento de volumen en la región involucrada, se puede acompañar de exostosis del ángulo mandibular. Generalmente se presenta en pacientes jóve-nes en que el bruxismo, uso de goma de mascar y condiciones de stress benefician una sobreactividad maseterina. También ha sido descrita su relación con el uso de anabólicos. 1 Su diagnóstico puede ser confundido con otras patologías como parotiditis, tumores benignos musculares o lesiones vasculares que provocan aumento de volumen en esa región, por lo que un correcto y exhaustivo examen clínico es necesario. 2 Se han propuesto una diversidad de tratamientos que van desde medidas poco invasivas como el uso de relajantes musculares, planos de relajación y toxina botulínica hasta tratamientos más drásticos como la cirugía. 2 Se presenta el caso de una paciente con hipertrofia maseterina unilateral que es tratada en forma quirúrgica mediante la resección del ángulo mandibular por vía extraoral. Caso clínicoSe presenta en el Servicio de Cirugía Máxilofacial del Complejo Hospitalario San Borja Arriarán un paciente de sexo femenino de 15 años de edad consultando por asimetría facial derecha, indolora, que ha evolucionado en el tiempo en forma progresiva sin ninguna otra sintomatología.En la entrevista, la paciente no refiere antecedentes mórbidos ni quirúrgicos. Tampoco refiere el uso de algún fármaco en forma usual ni alergias. Ningún tipo de parafunción es pesquisada.Al examen extraoral se observa un aumento de volumen en la región del ángulo mandibular derecho de límites poco definidos (Fig. 1). A la palpación es de consistencia firme, indoloro y no presenta signos inflamatorios ni compromiso ganglionar submandibular o cervical. En el examen de ATM no se detectan signos ni síntomas patológicos.Al examen intraoral no se observa nada relevante en relación a los tejidos blandos, dentarios y oclusión. La secreción salival se presentaba normal, especialmente en relación a los conductos de Stenon.Se solicitó una radiografía panorámica, observándose un ángulo mandibular derecho mucho más marcado (Fig. 2). En la radiografía lateral de cráneo se observó doble contorno mandibular y en la teleradiografía frontal se observó que el sector mandibular derecho presenta un mayor desarrollo, no repercutie...

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