Although in recent years there has been a growth in banking services in Mexico, there is still a significant delay in terms of financial inclusion, which is also very uneven across municipalities. In this context, this paper analyses some of the factors that determine the probability of a municipality being financially included. The results show that financially included municipalities have a large number of inhabitants and high levels of income and education. The analysis also distinguishes between municipalities according to the region in which they are located and to their type of population. In general, rural and in transition municipalities are the least financially included, together with the municipalities located in the Sur region of the country. For these types of municipalities, results also show that both population and the Human Development Index (HDI) are important in determining the probability of being financially included. However, for urban municipalities, HDI is more important than the level of population as a factor influencing financial inclusion.
El objetivo del presente artículo es abordar la importancia de la promoción de la inclusión financiera en México para la consecución de los ODS y documentar diversos avances en torno a ello. En primer lugar, se exponen las relaciones que se han encontrado en respecto al vínculo de la inclusión financiera y diferentes aspectos del desarrollo económico. En segundo lugar, se da un panorama del rezago en la inclusión financiera en México, se presentan algunos avances recientes, y cómo estos promueven la consecución de los ODS. La inclusión financiera se encuentra explícitamente incluida dentro del ODS 8, en la meta 8.10. Pero además, es un medio para conseguir una buena parte de los ODS. Reconociendo la problemática de la falta de inclusión financiera, en México se han seguido varias estrategias, políticas públicas y cambios en regulaciones, tendientes a promover la inclusión financiera. Se da cuenta de esto, además de los esfuerzos por cuantificar el rol de los bancos en torno al cumplimiento de los ODS a través de una alianza entre el Programa de las Naciones Unidas (PNUD) en México y la Asociación de Bancos de México (ABM).
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