Rhodolith beds provide heterogeneous and complex threedimensional habitats, providing ecosystem services disproportionate to their size (Lundquist et al., 2017), and meeting the definition of foundation species provided by Dayton (1972). Rhodoliths, or maerl, are calcified red algae that are free-living (Foster, 2001;Riosmena-Rodríguez et al., 2017) and are found globally from high to low latitudes (McCoy & Kamenos, 2015). Their morphological complexity and the interstitial spaces they provide serve as a refuge from predation for small invertebrates, as well as important settlement and nursery substrates for epiphytes, epifauna, and