This study was designed to assess whether the effects of computer-assisted practice on visual word recognition differed for children with reading disabilities (RD) with or without aptitude-achievement discrepancy. A sample of 73 Spanish children with low reading performance was selected using the discrepancy method, based on a standard score comparison (i.e., the difference between IQ and achievement standard scores). The sample was classified into three groups: (1) a group of 14 children with dyslexia (age M = 103.85 months; SD = 8.45) who received computer-based reading practice; (2) a group of 31 "garden-variety" (GV) poor readers (age M = 107.06 months; SD = 6.75) who received the same type of instruction; and (3) a group of 28 children with low reading performance (age M = 103.33 months; SD = 9.04) who did not receive computer-assisted practice. Children were pre- and posttested in word recognition, reading comprehension, phonological awareness, and visual and phonological tasks. The results indicated that both computer-assisted intervention groups showed improved word recognition compared to the control group. Nevertheless, children with dyslexia had more difficulties than GV poor readers during computer-based word reading under conditions that required extensive phonological computation, because their performance was more affected by low-frequency words and long words. In conclusion, we did not find empirical evidence in favor of the IQ-achievement discrepancy definition of reading disability, because IQ did not differentially predict treatment outcomes.
Antecedentes: El seguimiento de egresados de la ENEO ha sido una preocupación constante para la escuela desde hace mucho tiempo, sin embargo a partir de 1991 se estableció como proyecto institucional, llevando a cabo el seguimiento a los tres años de la terminación de sus estudios desde 1994 hasta 2004, En este informe se presenta el caso de 2003. Propósito: EI propósito de este trabajo es: Conocer la situación laboral de sus egresados: actividades desempeñadas, condiciones laborales, satisfacción, perspectivas de desarrollo, antecedentes educativos y perspectivas de desarrollo, antecedentes personales para retroalimentar el proceso formativo de la carrera y orientar a alumnas y alumnos para su inserción al mercado laboral. Metodología: Estudio longitudinal descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo. La población correspondió a 339 ex alumnos egresados de la Licenciatura del sistema escolarizado y la muestra encuestada fue de 59 egresados; los datos recabados se orientan al propósito de estudio. Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizaron pruebas de estadística descriptiva. Discusión y Conclusiones: Las características personales, académicas y laborales guardan similitud con otros seguimientos, sin embargo hay datos que lo caracterizan: los índices de titulación continúan recuperando su tendencia positiva, sin embargo, los porcentajes de contratación se ven reducidos en comparación a los seguimientos de 2002 y 2001, Las actividades que realizan con mayor frecuencia los egresados son congruentes con las áreas y con las categorías de contratación. En este seguimiento se destaca la opinión de los egresados en cuanto a la recepción de formación orientada a las actividades educativas de carácter preventivo.
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