One of the most common cyclitols found in eukaryotic cells—Myo-inositol (MI) and its derivatives play a key role in many cellular processes such as ion channel physiology, signal transduction, phosphate storage, cell wall formation, membrane biogenesis and osmoregulation. The aim of this paper is to characterize the possibility of neurodegenerative disorders treatment using MI and the research of other therapeutic methods linked to MI’s derivatives. Based on the reviewed literature the researchers focus on the most common neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and Spinocerebellar ataxias, but there are also works describing other seldom encountered diseases. The use of MI, d-pinitol and other methods altering MI’s metabolism, although research on this topic has been conducted for years, still needs much closer examination. The dietary supplementation of MI shows a promising effect on the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and can be of great help in alleviating the accompanying depressive symptoms.

Introduction: Bladder leiomyoma is a very rare neoplasm and are estimated at about < 0.5% of all urinary bladder tumors. Most patients complain of lower urinary track symptoms. In 20% of cases patients remain asymptomatic. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the topic of bladder leiomyomas, present our experience in the management of this neoplasm and review the published data concerning this rare entity. Material and methods: From March 2018 to February 2021 three patients (2 females, 1 male) aged 39 to 58 years (mean 49.3 years) were treated for bladder leiomyoma in our center. Results: Two patients underwent en bloc transurethral resection of bladder tumor and one had laparoscopic partial cystectomy. Tumors were located in favourable positions with the mean diameter of 37.67 mm. The mean operative time was 46.67 min (range from 15 to 95 min). At the mean follow-up time of 36 months. None of our patients had a recurrence of bladder leiomyoma. Conclusions: Properly performed removal of bladder leiomyoma gives satisfactory results. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor is the gold standard of treatment, highly valued for its safety and minimal invasiveness, however in cases of unfavourable located or large tumors laparoscopic approach or EBRT with defragmentation or morcellation may be preferred.

Introduction: Vesicorectal fistula (VRF) is a rare but devastating condition that may develop after surgery or radiotherapy. Many surgical methods to treat VRF have been described, but there is still no gold standard of VRF treatment. Aim: The aim of the study is to present our experience in the treatment of VRFs and analyze different surgical techniques applied in our center retrospectively. Material and methods: From June 2016 to June 2020, 7 patients (5 males and 2 females) aged 59–73 years (average 67.3 years) were treated for VRF in our center. The primary causes of VRFs were complications after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP), sigmoidectomy, laparotomy with removal of the tumour of the vaginal stump and anterior rectal resection and colostomy, Hartmann’s operation due to rectosigmoid carcinoma, radiotherapy, treatment of cervical cancer and transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). The patients were treated with one of the following methods: transvesical laparoscopic single-site surgery (T-LESS), transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS), transurethral fulguration and radical cystectomy with the Bricker’s ileal conduit. Results and discussion: Five patients underwent T-LESS, 2 TAMIS, 1 transurethral fulguration and 1 radical cystectomy with the Bricker’s ileal conduit. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 4 days (range 2–8 days). The mean operative time was 139 minutes (range 100–285 minutes). Only 1 patient had a recurrence of a fistula. Conclusions: Surgical management of VRFs is obligatory to prevent possible complications. Currently, there is no gold standard for treatment of VRFs. Therefore, this condition requires further investigation.